中国古代文明和国家起源研究中的几个问题

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:03

本文选题：先秦文献 + 酋邦　；参考：《史学月刊》2005年11期

【摘要】：近年来新出土的《容成氏》等战国竹书,在增加和扩充史料的同时,我们也应意识到它们依然是有其局限性的,重建上古史还得靠以考古学为基础的多学科的结合。而考古学本身也有自己的局限性,它也需要借鉴人类学的理论以及技术的、经济的、环境的、人口学的等等知识。将酋邦理论、社会分层理论与聚落形态学理论相结合是研究的趋势和方向,但理论贵在创新。因而,结合中国考古新发现,从中国的材料出发,创建出符合中国历史实际的理论,才是最上乘的文明和国家起源研究。依据近年来对山西襄汾陶寺和河南新密古城寨的考古发现,将早期文明与初始国家出现的时间,划定在龙山文化时代,应该说是有着充分事实依据的。与此相关,将中国古代的国家形态划分为邦国—王国—帝国,要比称之为古国—方国—帝国,更约定俗成更合理一些。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the newly unearthed bamboo books of the warring States period, such as "Rong Cheng", have added and expanded the historical data, but we should also realize that they still have their limitations. The reconstruction of ancient history depends on the combination of many disciplines based on archaeology. Archaeology itself has its own limitations, it also needs to learn from the theory of anthropology and technical, economic, environmental, demographic and other knowledge. The combination of chiefdom theory, social stratification theory and settlement morphology theory is the trend and direction of research, but innovation is the most important part of the theory. Therefore, combining with the new discoveries of Chinese archaeology and starting from Chinese materials, it is the best research on the origin of civilization and country to create a theory that accords with the reality of Chinese history. According to the archaeological discoveries of Xiangfen pottery temple in Shanxi Province and Xinmi ancient city in Henan province in recent years, it should be said that there is sufficient factual basis for designating the time of the early civilization and the initial country in the era of Longshan culture. Related to this, it is more reasonable to divide the ancient Chinese state into states, kingdoms and empires.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所
【分类号】：K207

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