“汉化”刍议

发布时间：2018-09-14 14:33

【摘要】：“汉化”是中华各少数族同华夏文化融合，并改造本民族文化的一种历史现象，它是一元主体、多元格局中华文化形成的重要渠道；“汉化”的倡导者往往是入主中原的少数族上层人物，其表现往往是非暴力的，通过法规形式自上而下推行；“汉化”是个开放性体系，既有低位文化向高位文化的靠拢，也有汉民族文化对少数族文化的融汇和吸收。关于历史上少数族的汉化，历来有一些误断。有人以为“汉化”是汉族统治者用一种强制的手段“同化”少数族，从而扼杀他们在思想意识上的反抗。国外有些人更错以为“汉化”是灭绝少数民族文化，，是汉民族种类至上，强力推行本民族文化的结果。如果我们揭开历史的帷幕，拂去岁月的尘封，对中国历代王朝，尤其是北魏、前秦、辽、金、元、清等少数族建立的王朝中所发生的汉化现象进行一些解索和界定，就会发现所谓“汉化”，主要是中华各少数族主动向华夏文化及其核心儒家文化靠拢，使之融入并改造本民族文化的一种历史现象。正是这种向华夏文化及其核心“儒家文化”靠拢的“文化”才形成了一元主体、多元格局并为各族所认同的中华文化。这也是中国不会“解体”，中华各民族间有着牢固凝聚力的原因所在。本文试从“汉化”的倡导者，“汉化”的内容和方式，推行的过程和结局等方
[Abstract]:"Sinicization" is a historical phenomenon in which the minority nationalities of China merge with the Chinese culture and transform their own culture. It is an important channel for the formation of the Chinese culture in a monistic and pluralistic pattern. The advocate of "Sinicization" is often a minority upper class figure who enters the Central Plains, and its performance is often non-violent and carried out from top to bottom through the form of laws and regulations. "Sinicization" is an open system in which the lower culture draws close to the high culture. There is also the integration and absorption of minority cultures by Han nationality culture. There have always been some mistakes regarding the Sinicization of ethnic minorities in history. Some people think that "Sinicization" is a forced means by the Han rulers to "assimilate" minority groups, thus stifling their ideological and ideological resistance. Some people in foreign countries even mistook that "Sinicization" was the result of the extinction of minority culture, the supremacy of Han nationality's category, and the enforcement of its own culture. If we lift the curtain of history and sweep away the dust of the years, we can explain and define the phenomenon of Sinicization that occurred in the dynasties established by the Chinese dynasties, especially the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, and so on. It will be found that the so-called "Sinicization" is mainly a historical phenomenon in which the minority ethnic groups in China take the initiative to draw closer to the Chinese culture and its core Confucian culture, so that it can be integrated into and transform its own national culture. It is this kind of "culture" that draws close to the Chinese culture and its core "Confucian culture" and forms the Chinese culture which is monistic, pluralistic and recognized by all ethnic groups. This is why China will not disintegrate and there is strong cohesion among all ethnic groups in China. This paper tries to discuss the contents and methods of "Sinicization", the process and outcome of its implementation, and so on, from the aspects of the advocates of "Sinicization", the contents and methods of Sinicization.
【作者单位】：安徽省社科院
【分类号】：K203

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