明朝的宗室困局与北疆危机——以嘉靖朝朱充灼叛乱为例

发布时间：2018-10-10 19:26

【摘要】：边军的不振,宗室生活贫困与犯罪猖獗的困局是嘉靖朝边疆危机中最为突出的两大表现。因屯田制的衰落和宗室人口的膨胀,在明代中期财政危机的激化下,边饷与宗禄不给的问题愈益突出。边军的不振,加剧了外敌的入侵破坏与地方的经济凋敝,更加恶化沿边宗室的生存环境;宗室问题的愈演愈烈,又进一步加深地方财政矛盾与社会动荡,加剧边军处境的变坏。两者陷入了一种互动互激,互为因果的死结之中。大同宗室朱充灼的叛乱,就是这个恶性循环不断累积的反映与爆发。朱充灼的谋叛进行得颇为顺利,惟因偶然的意外,最终未能得逞。这一事件也反映出,历史的走向已与明初封王设藩的目的背道而驰。宗室的困局,不仅将北疆各类危机矛盾彻底暴露,在其激化下,也将北疆危机推向了愈加难以解决的地步。
[Abstract]:Bian Jun's depression, clan poverty and rampant crime are the two most prominent manifestations in the crisis of Jiajing Dynasty. Due to the decline of the farming system and the expansion of the clan population, the problem of pay and zonglu was becoming more and more prominent under the financial crisis in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Bian Jun's lack of vibration has aggravated the invasion and destruction of foreign enemies and the local economic depression, and worsened the living environment of the lineal clans; the growing of the clan problem has further deepened the local financial contradictions and social unrest, and exacerbated the deterioration of Bian Jun's situation. The two are caught in an interactive, causal knot. The rebellion of Zhu Chong-searing in Datong clan is the reflection and outbreak of this vicious circle. Zhu's plot went quite smoothly, but by accident he failed. This incident also reflects that the historical trend has run counter to the aim of establishing a feudal throne in the early Ming Dynasty. The clan dilemma not only exposed all kinds of crisis contradictions in Northern Xinjiang, but also pushed the crisis of Northern Xinjiang to more and more difficult to solve.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学历史系;
【分类号】：K248

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