秦至清中国社会“非封建”刍议

发布时间：2018-11-19 19:54

【摘要】：自上世纪30年代以来,中国学界主流倾向于将秦至清两千余年称"封建社会",此后在"五种社会形态"框架内,此论更成为流行说,从而使"封建"脱离了古义(本义)和西义(世界通义),也有悖于马克思的封建原论。实考秦至清两千余年,封建制已退居次席,而有别于封建领主经济的地主经济,以及不同于分封、世袭的贵族政治的僚政治于起伏跌宕间一以贯之,长期延续的是由宗法制、地主制、专制帝制综合而成的社会形态。在西欧、日本有典型表现的封建化三特征——农人农奴化、土地庄园化、政权多元化,中国秦至清的大势与之背反,故秦汉至明清冠以"封建社会",显然不得要领,而称之"宗法地主专制社会",似可昭示其社会组织、经济结构、政治体制诸层面的基本特征,又可简称为"非封建"的"皇权时代"。
[Abstract]:Since the 1930s, the mainstream of Chinese academic circles has tended to refer to Qin to Qing Dynasty as "feudal society" for more than 2,000 years. Since then, within the framework of "five forms of society", this theory has become more popular. So that "feudalism" broke away from the ancient meaning (the original meaning) and the Western righteousness (the world righteousness), also contrary to Marx's feudalism. In fact, for more than 2,000 years from Qin to the Qing Dynasty, the feudal system had retreated to the second place, and unlike the landlord economy of the feudal lord economy, and unlike the enfeoff, the politics of the aides of hereditary aristocratic politics continued throughout the ups and downs, and the patriarchal system continued for a long time. The social formation of a comprehensive system of despotic emperors. In Western Europe, Japan has three typical features of feudalization: serfdom, land manor, and political pluralism. The general trend of China's Qin and Qing dynasties was opposed to it. Therefore, the Qin and Han dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties were called "feudal societies", which obviously had no point. The autocratic society of patriarchal landlords may reveal the basic characteristics of its social organization, economic structure and political system, and it can also be referred to as the "imperial age" of "non-feudal".
【作者单位】：武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关资助项目:07JZD0040
【分类号】：K207

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