北宋东西陆路交通之经营

发布时间：2018-11-20 16:37

【摘要】：自唐中期以降至宋朝,中原王朝经营东西陆路交通已由此前近千年的主动经营,转变为被动性的经营。不论是经营对象还是对交通路线的经营,北宋都不能实施有效的行政管理和武力保障。换言之,均不在版图疆域之内。北宋经营东西陆路交通分为宋太宗和宋神宗两个阶段,宋太宗因与辽朝两次大战失败,其经营东西陆路交通的政策昙花一现。宋神宗至宋徽宗时期,持续近六十年积极经营东西陆路交通,基本保证了青唐路交通的畅通。这两个阶段的经营均属北宋国防经略辽朝和西夏战略之一环。北宋前期与河西诸政权、龟兹、回鹘有密切的交往关系,后一阶段则是为了遮断西夏右臂对河湟吐蕃展开军事占领,与于阗来往密切。宋朝与汉唐经营东西交通最大的不同点在于,汉唐是政治与经贸并重,因为汉唐的对外贸易是以陆路交通为主,黄河流域的经济发展是其依托,故而海上交通为辅,中唐以后经济重心南移的趋势加快,经五代十国,及北宋建立,对外贸易已逐渐转到以海上丝路为主,陆路为辅的新格局。
[Abstract]:From the middle of Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty managed the east and west land transportation from the initiative of nearly a thousand years ago, and changed into a passive operation. The Northern Song Dynasty could not carry out effective administration and force protection, whether it was the object of operation or the management of transportation route. In other words, they are not part of the territory. The North Song Dynasty managed the east and west land transportation into two stages: song Taizong and Song Shenzong. Due to the failure of the two great wars between the Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty, the policy of managing the east and west land transportation was ephemeral. During the period from Song Shenzong to Huizong, it lasted for nearly 60 years and managed the east and west land transportation, which basically ensured the smooth traffic of Qingtang Road. The management of these two stages is one of the strategies of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty and the Western Xia Dynasty. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, there were close contacts with the governments of Hexi, Qiuci and Uighur, and the latter stage was to break the military occupation of Hehuang and Tubo by the right arm of the Western Xia Dynasty, and had close contact with Yutian. The biggest difference between the Song Dynasty and the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty in managing east-west traffic is that the Han and Tang dynasties put equal emphasis on politics and trade, because the foreign trade of the Han and Tang dynasties was dominated by land transportation, and the economic development of the Yellow River Basin was based on it, so maritime transportation was complementary. After the middle Tang Dynasty, the economic center of gravity moved southward. After five dynasties and ten countries, and the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the foreign trade gradually shifted to the new pattern of taking the sea silk road as the main body and land as the supplement.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K244

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