楼兰古绿洲的河道变迁及其原因探讨西北历史环境研究

发布时间：2019-08-12 20:55

【摘要】：在干旱区，地表径流决定人类居住和生存的空间，是环境变迁的决定因素。楼兰古绿洲的环境演变及其在４世纪末的最终消失都与塔里木河及孔雀河河水的空间分布密切相关。石器时代至公元４世纪中叶以前，塔里木河与孔雀河合流，经库鲁克塔格山南麓东流，形成面积广大的孔雀河三角洲，，成为楼兰古绿洲繁荣与发展的基础；４世纪中叶，部分塔里木河水在营盘附近歧道南流，离开了孔雀河三角洲，楼兰古绿洲开始衰败、萎缩；４世纪末，孔雀河、塔里木河河水全部南流，孔雀河三角洲水源断绝，楼兰古绿洲衰废、消失。这其中，孔雀河三角洲的自然地理特征是影响孔雀河河道发生变迁的基础因素；人类引流蓄水的捕鱼活动和屯田所需河渠管理系统的兴废是影响河道变迁的重要人为因素。４世纪中晚期，塔里木河下游与孔雀河的改道南流是在自然因素与人为因素的耦合作用下发生的。
[Abstract]:In arid area, surface runoff determines the space of human habitation and survival, and is the decisive factor of environmental change. The environmental evolution of Loulan ancient oasis and its final disappearance at the end of the 4th century are closely related to the spatial distribution of the Tarim River and the Peacock River. From the Stone Age to the middle of the 4th century AD, the Tarim River and the Peacock River confluence and flow eastward through the southern foot of the Kuluktag Mountain, forming a vast area of the Peacock River Delta, which became the basis for the prosperity and development of Loulan Ancient Oasis. In the middle of the 4th century, some of the Tarim River water flowed south near Yingpan, leaving the Kongquehe River Delta, and the Loulan ancient oasis began to decline and shrink. At the end of the 4th century, the Peacock River and the Tallimu River all flowed southward, the water source of the peacock River Delta was cut off, and the ancient oasis of Loulan disappeared. Among them, the natural geographical characteristics of the peacock River Delta are the basic factors affecting the river course change, and the fishing activities of human drainage and storage and the rise and abolition of the canal management system needed for the cultivation of the field are the important human factors affecting the river course change. in the middle and late 4th century, the diversion southcurrent of the lower reaches of the Tarim River and the peacock River occurred under the coupling of natural and human factors.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学历史文化学院!西安710062
【分类号】：K928.6

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