从“阿瑞斯”到“马尔斯”

发布时间：2018-01-04 17:05

本文关键词：从“阿瑞斯”到“马尔斯”　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阿瑞斯(Ares)和马尔斯(Mars)分别为古希腊和古罗马的战神,众所周知,古罗马的神明谱系中外来神明众多,而这其中,又以古希腊的最为蔚然。罗马的战神马尔斯(Mars)的原型正是希腊的战神阿瑞斯(Ares)。阿瑞斯是希腊奥林匹斯山的十二主神之一,是宙斯(Zeus)与赫拉(Hera)的儿子,是力量的象征,但他嗜杀、血腥,是人类祸灾的化身。阿瑞斯不受其他众神的喜爱,即使生父生母也都公开地表现出对他的厌恶。值得一提的是,同样是战神,古希腊女战神雅典娜则广受众神喜爱和古希腊人民的崇拜。对比阿瑞斯和雅典娜的特点,只因前者代表了纯粹野蛮暴力的战争,后者则代表了有克制理性的战争。阿瑞斯和雅典娜在希腊地位的不同,反映出了希腊人的民族特点,即崇尚文明,反对纯粹武力。马尔斯,古罗马神话体系中的战神,拉丁语的“火星”和英语的"March"正是源自马尔斯的名字,他是罗马军团崇拜的战神中最重要的一位,重要程度仅次于朱庇特(Jupiter)。约公元前二世纪左右,马尔斯崇拜在罗马兴起,罗马人模仿希腊神话体系,也创造了一系列的神话,其中马尔斯的原型就是希腊的战神阿瑞斯。与阿瑞斯的礼遇不一样的是,马尔斯在罗马地位极高,到了罗马奥古斯都统治中后期,马尔斯不仅成为罗马军事的保护人,也是皇帝的保护人。由于战争经常爆发,经常性地出征和凯旋的庆典,对马尔斯的祭拜次数甚至开始逐渐高于朱庇特,罗马人有时也自称为“马尔斯之子”的原因。由此可见,在罗马人心目中马尔斯地位之高。对马尔斯的崇拜也反映出了古罗马人的特点,即崇尚武力,渴望征服。马克思主义哲学的观点是“物质决定意识,意识反作用于物质。”同样的,对于不同神明的崇拜也反过来作用于人民的行为,希腊人更崇文,罗马人更尚武。对阿瑞斯的鄙弃,对雅典娜的崇拜,使希腊人的文明更具有包容性,而对马尔斯的崇拜,则对于处于不断扩张中的罗马而言,战神精神让他们更有动力去取得战争的胜利。本文主要采用对比分析的方法,研究古希腊和古罗马神话体系中战神的不同地位以及古希腊人、古罗马人对于战神的不同态度,来说明古希腊人与古罗马人不同的民族性格特点。通过查找史料,阅读中西方研究成果得到进一步佐证。该研究课题是笔者在阅读中发现的一个兴趣点,进一步想到了对于战神不同的态度反映出了两个民族之间不同的性格特点,同时对两个民族不同的发展进程产生了一定的影响。基于这样的思路构想,本文主要分为四章来进行论述,第一章和第三章分述阿瑞斯和马尔斯。其中第一章主要介绍了希腊神话中的战神,第一节简要介绍希腊神话中的阿瑞斯；第二节则介绍了神话中的雅典娜；第三节顺承前两二节,比较了阿瑞斯和雅典娜的不同地位及原因分析；为了开启第三章,第二章则主要介绍希腊与罗马的关系,为马尔斯的出场奠定基础。第三章则集中笔力来叙述罗马神话中的马尔斯,其中第一节是战神马尔斯的概况；第二节分析马尔斯崇拜与罗马社会。第四章则综合论述战神崇拜与希腊罗马人的民族性格特点分析。第一、二节分别介绍古希腊古罗马人的民族性格,第三节则是两者的对比。立足于这四章的分析,最后得出本文结论,即：古希腊古罗马人对待战神的不同态度,体现了两个民族不同的民族性格特点。以往对于古希腊与古罗马人的对比研究多为研究两者的具体行为方式,对于战神崇拜比较研究少有人注意。目前,对于战神的研究,国内并没有系统的著作,国外的研究也非常罕见,偶有零星散落的论述,但并不完整。本文即着重深挖了不同的战神崇拜背后的寓意,对于解读古希腊古罗马文明有着一定的积极意义。
[Abstract]:Ares (Ares) and Marrs (Mars) respectively in ancient Greece and Rome war, as everyone knows, the gods of ancient Rome in foreign gods pedigree is numerous, among which, in ancient Greece the most magnificently. Rome ares Marrs (Mars) is the prototype of the Greek god of war Ares (Ares).
Ares is one of the twelve main Greek gods of Olympus, Jose (Zeus) and Hera (Hera)'s son, is a symbol of power, but he is the embodiment of human killer, bloody, a curse. Ares is not affected by the other gods of love, even if the father mother also openly showed his disgust. Mentioning that also is the God of war, the ancient Greek Athen is widely worshiped gods and love the people of ancient Greece. Comparing to the characteristics of Ares and Athena, just because the former represents a purely barbaric violence of war, the latter represents the restraint of the war. Ares and Athena in Greek of different position, reflects the characteristics of ethnic Greeks, namely advocate of civilization, as opposed to simply force.
Marrs, the ancient Rome myth of God, the Latin word "Mars" and the "March" in English is derived from the name of Marrs, he is one of the most important Rome Legion worship Ares, the important degree after Jupiter (Jupiter) about second Century BC. The left and right, the worship of Marrs sprang up in Rome. The imitation of Greek mythology system, also created a series of myths, in which Marrs is the prototype of the Greek War. Ares and Ares are not the same courtesy of Marrs in Rome, a high position at a later stage, the rule of Augustus in Rome, Marrs not only become a protector of the Rome military, protect the people. The emperor is also due to the war often broke out frequently and to the triumph of the celebration of Marrs worship times even began gradually higher than Jupiter, the Romans sometimes called "son of Marrs" of the original It can be seen that the high position of Marrs in the eyes of the Romans. The worship of Marrs also reflects the characteristics of the ancient Romans, that is, the worship of force and the desire for conquest.
Marx's philosophy is "material determines consciousness, mind over matter." similarly, for the worship of different gods also influences on people's behavior, the more Chongwen, the Romans. More martial disdain for Ares, worship of Athena, the Greek civilization is more inclusive, and on the Marrs for worship, is constantly expanding in Rome, God of war spirit so that they have more power to win the war.
This paper mainly adopts the method of comparative analysis, the different status of God of ancient Greece and Rome myth system of the ancient Greeks and Romans, different attitude to the war, to illustrate the national character of the ancient Greeks and Romans with different characteristics. By looking up the historical data, research achievements of Western reading further evidence. The research project is a the author found that the points of interest in reading, further thought for ares different attitudes reflect the different characteristics between the two ethnic groups, also have a certain impact on the development process of two different nationalities.
Based on this idea, this paper is divided into four chapters, the first chapter and the third chapter of the Ares and Marrs. The first chapter mainly deals with the Greek god of war, the first section briefly introduce the Greek myth of Ares; the second section introduces the God in the third section the Athena; the first 22 sections, comparative analysis of different status and reasons of Ares and Athena; in order to open the third chapter, the second chapter mainly introduces the relationship between Greece and Rome, and laid the foundation for the appearance of Marrs. The third chapter focused his to narrate the myth of Rome in Marrs, the first part is the overview of Marrs; the second part is the analysis of Marrs worship and Rome society. The fourth chapter discusses the comprehensive analysis of Ares worship and the Greco Roman national character. The first, second section introduces the ancient Greek and Roman The third section of the national character is the comparison between the two. Based on the analysis of the four chapters, the paper concludes that the ancient Greek Romans treated different attitudes towards the God of war, reflecting the two national characteristics of different nationalities.
The concrete behavior of the comparative study of ancient Greek and Roman for the study of both, few people pay attention to the comparative study on God worship. At present, for Mars research, there is no system works, study abroad is also very rare, occasional sporadic scattered on the elaboration, but this article is not complete. Deep meaning behind the worship of different Ares, has a positive significance to some interpretation of the ancient Greek civilization of ancient Rome.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B933

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