民间信仰与村落生活

发布时间：2018-01-08 16:29

本文关键词：民间信仰与村落生活　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民间信仰是人类学最重要的研究对象之一,但直至今日,民间信仰的概念定义还很模糊,许多人类学、宗教学学者都对它下过定义,但并没有达到统一,在普通人看来民间信仰可能就是烧香拜佛,搞迷信,因此我们有必要让人们走出这个误区,力求让大家看到一种不一样的“深描”研究。传统认为民间信仰是迷信的、愚昧的、落后的,是阻碍农村经济发展的最大障碍,但随着经济社会的发展,民间信仰活动并没有消逝,这说明民间信仰有它存在的合理性,它对农村经济社会的发展可能存在着正功能,如整合、维护稳定、心理依赖等。在选取H村作为调查点之后,对H村的自然地理环境以及社会历史做了介绍,在这一过程中说明了选取H村作为调查点的原因。从王铭铭以及朱炳祥等学者对南方村落的民间信仰的研究经验来看,应该把民间信仰与村落生活联系起来进行研究,只有这样才能使人们对民间信仰有更客观的认识。因此在对H村进行调查时,从H村的村落生活入手,首先介绍了村民家庭内部的民间信仰,主要包括对祖先的祭拜以及各家庭神的祭拜等,论述了祭拜神灵的原因以及祭拜的仪式,从这一部分能够看出,村民祭拜神灵主要是为了使自己的家庭获得一种安全感。随后介绍了村落中的各种庙宇神灵以及村落自然神灵,在这一部分论述了村民供奉村落神灵的原因,主要是为了使全村村民得到护佑。在对这两部分进行论述时,从时间的角度对H村的民间信仰进行了比较,主要分为四个阶段,即建国前、建国后至文革前、文革中、文革后,在每一阶段民间信仰都有不同的表现形式,得出了民间信仰存在变迁的事实。在对H村的民间信仰有了基本了解之后,从具体的村落生活入手,分析了民间信仰在村落生活中所起的作用。具体来看主要论述了在祭祖、丧礼、求雨等仪式活动中,民间信仰在其中所发挥的整合功能。通过H村村民在鬼神崇拜、祖先崇拜、自然物崇拜中所展示的仪式活动看出,人们对它们的信仰更多地是出自于自身的心理需求,人们通过某种仪式祈求生儿育女、消灾祛病、风调雨顺等。在对民间信仰进行深入分析时发现它在村民的心理上发生了变化,逐渐趋向“惯性”信仰。毋容置疑,民间信仰也含有一些不利于现代化建设与和谐社会构建的东西,其中巫术之类的迷信活动在今天尤显落后、愚昧。但我们也应看到这类活动有些已经消失,有些则淡化乃至失去了神秘色彩。通过对H村村落生活与民间信仰的研究发现,民间信仰存在着村落控制、村落整合以及心理慰藉的功能,这些功能对村落组织以及村落发展起着重要作用。因此我们应该建立起完整的引导机制。在现代化的进程中,通过科学引导、加强管理等方式使民间信仰朝着更规范的方向发展,使民间信仰真正成为一种大众的文化观念。
[Abstract]:The folk belief is one of the most important research object of anthropology, but until today, the definition of the concept of folk beliefs are still vague, many scholars of anthropology, religious studies have defined it, but did not reach a unified view, in the ordinary folk belief is probably pray superstitious, so we need to get people out of the the misunderstanding, to let everyone see a different kind of "deepdescription" research.
The traditional folk belief is a superstition, ignorance, backwardness, is the biggest obstacle to the development of rural economy, but with the development of economy and society, the folk belief activities did not disappear, the folk belief has its reasonableness, the development of the rural economy society may have positive functions, such as integration. The maintenance of stability, psychological dependence. After selecting H village as the survey points, the natural geographical environment and social history in the village of H is introduced, in this process the reasons for choosing H village as the survey points.
From Wang Mingming, Zhu Bingxiang and other scholars research experience on the South Village folk belief, folk beliefs and village life should be linked to study, the only way to make people have a more objective understanding of the folk belief. So in the investigation on H village, starting from H village life, first introduced the villagers within the family of folk belief, including the worship of ancestors and worship the God of the family, discusses the reasons and worship the gods worship ceremony, seen from this part, the villagers worship primarily to enable their families to get a sense of security. Then introduced the village in various temples of the gods and the village natural gods, in this part discusses the village villagers worship gods, mainly in order to make the villagers get covered. In the two part, from the time The comparison of the folk beliefs in H village is mainly divided into four stages, that is, before the founding of the people's Republic of China, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, before the cultural revolution, there were different forms of folk belief at every stage after the Great Cultural Revolution, and the fact that the folk beliefs had changed.
After a basic understanding of H village folk beliefs, starting from the specific analysis of the village life, folk belief plays a role in village life. Specifically, mainly discussed in worship, funeral, rain and other ritual activities, exert the function of integrating the folk belief in the village by H. The ghost worship, ancestor worship, nature worship display ceremony that belief in them is more from their psychological needs, people pray for children, through some kind of ritual. Their illnesses and good weather, it changed in the village of psychology found in the in-depth analysis of the folk faith, gradually "inertia" beliefs.
There is no doubt that the folk belief also contains some is not conducive to the modernization construction and the construction of harmonious society, including witchcraft like superstitious activities in today is particularly backward, ignorance. But we should also see some of these activities have disappeared, some even lost the desalination of mystery. Through the study of H Village and folk life faith found that folk beliefs exist village village integration and control, psychological comfort function, these functions play an important role in the village organization and the village development. So we should establish a complete guide mechanism. In the process of modernization, through scientific guidance, strengthen management and other ways to make folk beliefs toward a more standardized the direction of development, make the folk belief truly become a kind of popular culture concept.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B933

【引证文献】