《药地炮庄》哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:12

本文关键词：《药地炮庄》哲学思想研究　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中华文化是由道教、儒学、佛教三大支流共同构成。三者之间相互交流、互动与融合。在三教相互排斥、相互吸收、相互会通的历史中,形成了中国独特的文化。方以智是三教会通的一个代表人物。他的一生颇为曲折,这些经历使其思想发生了几次重大的转变。明亡以后他潜心于会通儒释道三教的哲学建构。目前学术界对其晚年三教会通思想尚缺乏系统的研究,本文以方氏晚年主要著作《药地炮庄》为核心,参考其他相关著作,试图比较全面地解析方以智三教会通思想的形成过程、方法架构及其诠释实践。从而对其学术贡献和理论局限作出适当的评价。本文总共四章,前有《绪论》,绪论中对对学界关于方以智研究现状作出扼要的综述,指出当前研究尚存的不足之处。又交代本文研究的主要问题和方法。第一章介绍方以智其人。梳理方以智的生平、人生的各个时期特征、学术来源与思想概观。以俾理解其作《药地炮庄》的缘起。吴应宾的“三教合一”与道盛的“托孤说”是方以智作《药地炮庄》直接的缘由。晚年他经历坎坷,遁入佛门。这是促成他三教会通思想的间接原因。第二章以《药地炮庄》为主要研究对象,抓住中国哲学“天人合一”这一主要思想,论证方以智的天人关系模式,得出方以智独特的天人关系学说。与以往的思想家不一样,方以智以“天人不相胜”来解释“天人合一”这无疑是一大创举。在论述“天人合一”的基础上,方以智又对天人之间能否相胜进行了深入的研究。他认为人不可胜天,天也不能胜人。在他看来,人心与天地之心相通。人类认识自己就是认识天地。这个意义上,天人合一又是成立的。进而在这个视域下窥视方以智哲学中的理想人格。培养理想人格的最终的旨归在于实现内圣外王之道。第三章分析《药地炮庄》的理论方法。由于《药地炮庄》思想受觉浪道盛影响甚深,本章在前文道盛援庄入儒的“托孤”说的前提下,进而具体阐述了《药地炮庄》以儒释庄、以佛解庄的特色。最终完成了方以智的终极目标三教会通。第四章考察了方以智的三教观与其思想旨归。本文认为方以智坚持了庄子属于儒家的立场,主体思想与佛道两家存在着根本的分歧。他用多个论据来证明庄子是属于儒家的。儒宗别传是庄子归儒的一个强有力的论述。方以智的三教会通是以易学为基础,改铸老庄、出入佛禅,最终以儒家为旨归的思想体系。它的形成,一方面是对晚明三教融合思潮的继承与发展,另一方面是作为明遗民对于传统学术思想的总结与反思,其中还包涵着对于个人安身立命之道的探索与定位。
[Abstract]:Chinese culture is composed of three branches of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. They communicate, interact and merge with each other. In the history of the three religions' mutual exclusion, mutual absorption and mutual understanding. Fang Yizhi was a representative of the three religions. His life was rather tortuous. These experiences led to several major changes in his thinking. After the Ming Dynasty, he concentrated on the philosophical construction of the three religions, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism. At present, there is still a lack of systematic research on his thoughts of the three religions in his late years. Based on Fang's main works in his later years, "Yao Di Guanzhuang", and referring to other relevant works, this paper tries to analyze the formation process of Fang Yizhi's three religions' thoughts. The method structure and its interpretation practice. Therefore, its academic contribution and theoretical limitations are evaluated appropriately. There are four chapters in this paper, the introduction gives a brief summary of the current research situation of Fang Yizhi, points out the shortcomings of the current research, and explains the main problems and methods of this study. The first chapter introduces Fang Yizhi. Combing the life of Fang Yizhi, the characteristics of each period of life. In order to understand the origin of his work, Wu Ying-bin 's "three religions in one" and Tao Sheng's "supporting Gu" were the direct causes of Fang Yizhi's "Yadi Guanzhuang". In his later years, he experienced ups and downs. Escape into Buddhism. This is the indirect cause of his three religions. The second chapter focuses on the main research object of Guanzhuang of Yantian, which grasps the main thought of "the unity of nature and man" in Chinese philosophy, and demonstrates Fang Yizhi's mode of relationship between heaven and man. Come to Fang Yizhi's unique theory of the relationship between man and nature. Different from the past thinkers, Fang Yizhi explained "the unity of nature and man" by "Heaven and Man does not win". This is undoubtedly a great innovation. On the basis of discussing "the unity of man and nature", Fang Yizhi explains "the unity of man and nature". Fang Yizhi also made an in-depth study of whether heaven and man could win each other. He believed that man could not win the sky, and that heaven could not defeat man. In his view. The heart of the heart and the heart of heaven and earth are interlinked. Man knows himself as he knows heaven and earth. In this sense. The ultimate aim of cultivating the ideal personality is to realize the way of the inner saintly and the outer king. The third chapter analyzes the theory and method of "Yadi Guanzhuang". Because the thought of "Yandi Guanzhuang" is deeply influenced by Chueh-lang Dao Sheng, this chapter is based on the premise of the former Taoism to aid Zhuang Guanzhuang's "sustenance" theory. Finally, the author expounds the characteristics of the three religions by Confucianism, Buddhism and Buddhism, and finally accomplishes Fang Yizhi's ultimate goal of the three religions. Chapter 4th examines Fang Yizhi's view of the three religions and its ideological purport. This paper holds that Fang Yizhi adheres to the Confucian position of Zhuangzi. There is a fundamental difference between the main body thought and Buddhism and Taoism. He proved that Chuang Tzu belongs to Confucianism with many arguments. Confucianism is a powerful argument of Chuang Tzu's return to Confucianism. Fang Yizhi's three Churches are based on the Book of changes. . In the end, the thought system of Confucianism is the ultimate goal. On the one hand, it is the inheritance and development of the trend of integration of the three religions in the late Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, it is the summary and reflection of the traditional academic thought, which also includes the exploration and orientation of the way of individual life.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B91

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