云冈昙曜五窟造像的鲜卑族艺术风格

发布时间：2018-02-24 13:40

本文关键词： 昙曜五窟鲜卑族造像艺术　出处：《陕西师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 云冈昙曜五窟是鲜卑民族统治时期开凿的石窟,石窟造像除了遵循佛教仪轨外,其更多的反映北魏时期鲜卑民族的审美情趣。长期以来,人们更多的是注意它的美学特征和佛像考证,而其作为民族艺术的产物,却鲜有人提及,本文试从此角度对云冈昙曜五窟进行研究。本文主要通过对云冈昙曜五窟造像的描述结合鲜卑民族史料文献,试图解读蕴含在石窟造像中的鲜卑族因素,力图从佛造像,菩萨造像以及饰物等方面,剥离出鲜卑族因素。通过印度到新疆再到云冈石窟佛像的比较,概括云冈昙曜五窟的过渡性特征；通过对鲜卑民族统治时期开凿的四个石窟进行横向比较,概括出其一脉相承的因素以及云冈昙曜五窟所特有的特点。本文框架结构共六章,包括：第一部分绪论。阐释撰写本文的目的,意义,研究的必要性和创新性以及目前国内外研究状况。第二部分本文通过对昙曜五窟开凿的过程进行分析和总结,昙曜开凿石窟时所要表现得内容和鲜卑民族开凿石窟所要体现的主要思想,以及昙曜五窟的开凿对我国石窟造像发展所起的作用。第三部分通过对昙曜五窟即云冈第16窟、第17窟、第18窟、第19窟、第20窟主尊造像的描述和分析,总结佛像均鼻翼较阔,鼻底平切,雕刻手法基本是以平面、直线以及点的组合为主。这一特征贯穿了云冈石窟造像的始终。而第18窟手捏莲花和身披千佛袈裟等为云冈昙曜五窟所特有。第四部分本文通过云冈昙曜五窟佛像的足部和手部与其他石窟,如麦积山石窟,云冈石窟之间进行比较,概括出云冈昙曜五窟所具有的两种鲜卑族艺术风格。第五部分本文通过对北魏平城时期社会背景的分析,结合云冈昙曜五窟的特征,横向比较概括得出昙曜五窟的审美特征。第六部分通过云冈昙曜五窟主尊及菩萨形象与同是北魏开凿的龙门石窟、麦积山石窟、炳灵寺石窟的佛及菩萨形象比较研究。总结概括了云冈昙曜五窟的艺术特征为：1、整齐划一,各具特色。2、原始质朴写实造型。3、开起了点、线、面平直雕刻手法。
[Abstract]:Yungang Tanyao Grottoes are grottoes dug during the reign of the Xianbei nationality. In addition to following the Buddhist ritual, the statues of the grottoes more reflect the aesthetic interests of the Xianbei nationality in the Northern Wei Dynasty. For a long time, People pay more attention to its aesthetic characteristics and Buddhist statue textual research, but as a product of national art, few people mention it. From this point of view, this paper tries to study Yungang Tanyao five Grottoes. Through the description of Yungang Tanyao Grottoes and the historical documents of Xianbei nationality, this paper tries to interpret the elements of the Xianbei nationality contained in the grottoes, and tries hard to analyze the Buddhist statues, bodhisattva statues and ornaments, and so on. By comparing the Buddhist statues from India to Xinjiang and then to Yungang Grottoes, the transitional characteristics of Yungang Tanyao Grottoes are summarized, and the four grottoes excavated during the period of Xianbei nationality rule are compared horizontally. It summarizes the following factors and the unique characteristics of Yungang Tanyao Grottoes. There are six chapters in this paper, including:. The first part is introduction. It explains the purpose, significance, necessity and innovation of the research, as well as the current research situation at home and abroad. The second part of this paper through the analysis and summary of the Tan Yao five grottoes excavation process, Tan Yao excavation of the Grottoes to show the content and Xianbei nationality to reflect the main ideas to be reflected in the excavation of the grottoes. And the excavation of Tan Yao Wu Grottoes plays an important role in the development of Chinese grottoes. In the third part, through the description and analysis of the main statues of the Dunyaowu Grottoes, namely, Yungang Cave 16, Grottoes 17, Grottoes 18, Grottoes 19 and Grottoes 20, the author concludes that the Buddhist statues have broad nostrils, flat cut at the bottom of their noses, and the carving techniques are basically flat. The combination of straight lines and points is the main one. This feature runs through the Yungang Grottoes. The 18th Cave is unique to Yungang Tanyao Grottoes by pinching lotus flowers and wearing thousands of Buddhist robes. In the 4th part, by comparing the foot and hand parts of the Buddhist statues in Yungang Tanyao Grottoes with other grottoes, such as Maijishan Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, the author generalizes the artistic styles of the two Xianbei Grottoes in Yungang Tanyao Grottoes. In the 5th part, by analyzing the social background of Pingcheng period in the Northern Wei Dynasty and combining the characteristics of Yungang Tan Yao five grottoes, the aesthetic characteristics of Tan Yao five Grottoes are summarized. In 6th, through the image of master and bodhisattva of Yungang Tanyao Grottoes and the Longmen Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes, which were also excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, A comparative study on the images of Buddha and Bodhisattva in Bingling Temple Grottoes. The artistic features of Yungang Tanyao Grottoes are summarized as follows: 1: 1, uniform, with its own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K879.2

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