清末民初大泽山地区女神信仰研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 09:09

本文关键词： 大泽山女神民间信仰地方社会　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 山东省平度市大泽山地区,有着悠久的民间信仰历史,其日照庵附近现存有一百余通功德碑,记载了晚清民国时期大泽山周边百姓去大泽山进香的事迹及进香者的名字,向我们展示了清末民初时期大泽山地区繁盛的女神信仰。根据文献、碑刻记载及田野调查资料可知,大泽山地区最为主要的女神有三位：泰山老母、无生老母与大泽老母。这三位女神并不是同时并存于大泽山上,其中泰山老母是在大泽山上出现的最早、信仰持续时间最长的女神：无生老母虽是出现最晚,却是发展最为迅速的女神；大泽老母出现要早于无生老母,虽然发展道路颇为隐秘,却也一直得以承续。那么,这三位女神作为大泽山女神信仰的重要对象,她们之间又有着怎样的关系呢? 泰山老母是大泽山上最早的女神,在大泽山地区拥有着众多的信众,信仰基础是十分稳固的。但是随着大泽山自我意识的觉醒与提高自我价值愿望的迫切要求,拥有一位大泽山自己的女神就成为不可的趋势,大泽老母正是在这种迫切要求之下应运而生的。不过,大泽老母作为一位新的女神,无论是名望还是信众基础,都不足以与泰山老母相抗衡,于是在短暂的兴盛之后沉寂。而1931年出现在大泽山上的无生老母,却赢得了民众无上的崇敬,一时间成为比泰山老母知名度还要高的大泽山女神。以至于大泽山原以泰山老母生日为主的山会,也将正日子改在了无生老母的诞辰,同时山会的规模也由原来的“十数日”延长到了一个多月。大泽山地区的信众,主要是以昌邑、平度、掖县三地为主,其中昌邑尤多。在大泽山地区,一直有着“无生老母娘家是昌邑”说法。可以说昌邑是大泽山地区女神信仰最为重要的支持者,也是大泽山女神信仰发展前期的中坚力量。在大泽山女神信仰发展的中后期,平度、掖县的信仰力量不断壮大,尤其是平度,逐渐取代昌邑成为了大泽山女神信仰的主要领导者。在大泽山上的女神们此消彼长的同时,昌平掖三地的信仰力量其实也有一个消长的过程。由于抗日战争的爆发,大泽山地区的女神信仰被戛然截断。直到上世纪九十年代,大泽山上的智藏寺、日照庵才得以重修,民众又开始有了在山上的信仰活动。在信仰中断了七十余年之后,呈现在我们面前的信仰主体是昌平掖三地的信众,信仰对象却突出了无生老母与大泽老母,泰山老母反倒淡出了人们的记忆。而对于无生老母与大泽老母,人们也说不出明确的区分。2008年的11月15日(农历十月十八日),大泽山日照庵举行了盛大的立碑仪式,来自昌邑88名信众在日照庵内立碑拜神。大殿中有“碧霞元君”、“观音菩萨”和“老母娘”(即无生老母)的塑像,有意思的是,他们保持了“碧霞元君”与“观音菩萨”塑像前原有的神牌,却唯独在无生老母神像前摆上了有“岱泽老母”字样的神牌,遮盖了原有的“老母娘”神牌。由此可见,在他们心目中,“无生老母”与“大泽老母”就是同一个神,或者更确切的说,“无生老母”就是“大泽老母”。可见,在现在的大泽山女神信仰中,泰山老母了没有强大的优势,而无生老母与大泽老母却有着合二为一的趋势。重修后的日照庵神灵格局与抗战之前是不一样的,这是否也会对大泽山地区女神信仰的发展产生影响?大泽山女神信仰最终会如何,尚有待时间的验证。
[Abstract]:Shandong Province Pingdu Dazeshan area, has a long history of folk belief, near the sunshine an existing one hundred Yu Tong merit monument, recorded in the period of late Qing Dynasty Dazeshan surrounding people go to the deeds of Ozawa Yasusumuka and pilgrims name shows during the late Qing Dynasty period Dazeshan area prosperous goddess belief to us.
According to the literature and field survey data, inscriptions recorded the Ozawa mountain area the main goddess three: Taishan mother, no mother and mother Ozawa. The three goddesses not coexist in Ozawa hills, Taishan where mother is in Ozawa on the hill at the earliest, the longest duration of faith Goddess: no birth mother is the latest, the goddess is the most rapid development; Ozawa's mother appears earlier than no mother, although the development of the road has been secretive, but also can be inherited. Then, the three goddesses as an important object of Ozawa mountain goddess worship, among them how the relationship?
Taishan is the earliest Mother Ozawa Hill goddess, in the Ozawa hills area has a large number of followers, belief foundation is very solid. But with the awakening of Ozawa hill of self consciousness and urgent requirement of improving the desire of self value, with a Ozawa Hill their goddess can not be the trend, Ozawa is the mother is born in this urgent demand under. However, Ozawa's mother as a new goddess, regardless of fame or believers, are not enough to compete with the old Taishan, and after a short silence. No mother and prosperity in 1931 in Ozawa hills, won the people supreme reverence for a time, as her popularity was even higher than Taishan's Ozawa Hill goddess. Ozawa hill in Taishan that the original mother birthday based hill, will be a positive day change in the birth mother's birthday, at the same time, the size of the mountain From the original "ten day" was extended to more than a month.
Ozawa hill area of believers, mainly in Changyi, Pingdu and Yexian three, including Changyi. Especially in the Ozawa hills area, there has been no health mother home is Changyi ". It can be said that Changyi is the most important supporter Ozawa mountain goddess worship, is Ozawa mountain goddess belief development backbone early strength. Roughness in Ozawa hills goddess worship in the late development, the growing strength of faith, ye Xian, especially Pingdu, replaced Changyi as the main leader of Ozawa mountain goddess worship at Mount Ozawa. The sisters of this elimination he long at the same time, Changping in three places actually have the power of faith a process of growth and decline.
Due to the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Ozawa hill area of goddess worship was interrupted suddenly. In 90s until the last century, Ozawa hill, chizo temple, Temple of sunshine was able to rebuild, people began to have the belief activity on the mountain. After more than seventy years of interruption in faith, presented in front of us is the main belief in Changping in three the congregation, the object of faith has highlighted no birth mother and mother Ozawa, the old Taishan was faded out of memory. And there is no health mother and mother Ozawa, people did not distinguish between.2008 years (November 15th the 18th day of the tenth month of the Chinese lunar calendar), Ozawa Yasuterua held a grand ceremony erected from Changyi. 88 worshippers in the sunshine in an erected worship. "Bixiayuanjun hall", "Avalokiteshvara" and "old mother" (i.e., no mother) of the statue, it is interesting that they keep the "bixiayuanjun "God card with the" Avalokiteshvara "statue, but in the absence of health mother statue is placed on the" mother Dai Ze "God card, covering the original" old mother "God card. Thus, in their minds," no mother "and" mother Ozawa "is the same a God, or rather," no mother "is the" mother Ozawa ".
Visible, in what is now the Ozawa mountain goddess worship in Taishan, mother without a strong advantage, but no life mother and mother Ozawa has be made one trend. After the sunshine before an anti Japanese war pattern and the gods are not the same, whether this will have an impact on the development of Ozawa mountain goddess worship Ozawa? The mountain goddess faith finally how to verify still needs time.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B933

【引证文献】