山西晋城地区二仙庙宇的美学研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 00:49

本文关键词： 二仙信仰二仙庙建筑美术　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山西省晋城市位于山西省东南隅,太行山脉之上,具有悠久的历史、深厚的文化积淀和浓厚的宗教信仰氛围。在宋元时期,道教教徒为了更好地传播道教,扩大道教的影响力,在传教的过程中不断与民间宗教进行角力与融合,最终在晋东南地区形成了独具特色的“二仙信仰”。二仙即为“乐氏二女”,当地民众习惯称之为“二仙奶奶”,晋东南地区民众于晚唐时期开始信仰。“二仙”属于晋东南地区的地域性民间崇拜之神,也是道教与民间宗教不断角力与融合的成果。北宋时期,统治者大力扶植信仰道教,历代皇帝都对道教有着特殊的嗜好与追求,这种嗜好与追求在北宋末期宋徽宗时发展到了十分奢靡的阶段,二仙信仰由此在晋东南地区迅速发展,并得到统治阶级的认同,被敕封为“冲惠”、“冲淑”二真人,庙号为“真泽”。在这一时期,二仙信仰发展到了顶峰,逐步形成一套比较完整的信仰体系,晋东南民众也在各地大量兴建庙宇行宫,具有浓郁的地方文化特点。道士以及道教信徒还通过重塑二仙形象、赐封道教名号、推行道教仪式等手段影响着二仙信仰。在此背景下形成的二仙信仰,吸收了道教的部分教义,但其中也含有当地的民间故事、传说与风俗等方面,所以具有浓厚的地方特点,与二仙信仰相关的建筑、壁画、民间文学等各个方面均可表现出当地的地域美学特点。在当地民众中“二仙”的信徒甚多,庙会盛行,一直持续到现在,我们仍然可以看到二仙祭祀的盛况。本文将以山西晋城的二仙信仰为切入点,把相关的文献历史、建筑、线刻壁画、戏台、民间文学作为研究对象。前期进行历史文献资料的梳理和汇总工作,之后进行了大量的田野调查,将晋城市辖区内的所有二仙庙宇进行了分类整理,筛选其中有研究价值的建筑、壁画等资料。本文的绪论由三大部分组成,为二仙信仰的研究现状、研究意义及研究思路、方法及创新点。正文由三大章节组成,第一章为山西晋城二仙信仰及二仙庙宇概况,从现存的二仙庙宇入手,深入发掘二仙信仰的产生、产生原因以及在时间长河中的流变;第二章主要论述了二仙庙宇的建筑美学特色。首先梳理现存的二仙庙宇及分布,再从其中选取了三个具有研究价值的庙宇特色,分别是西溪二仙庙崇尚自然的环境审美、西溪二仙庙梳妆楼的对称和谐之美和小南村二仙庙“天宫楼阁”的意境美;第三章为二仙庙宇绘画及造像的美学特征,同样选取了三处具有研究意义和地域代表性的作品,分别是《宋金对戏图》和《金人巾舞图》的线刻美学特色、西里门二仙宫砖雕须弥座神台、南神头二仙庙壁画和小南村二仙庙宋塑乐氏二女神像的神态美,各有千秋;之后是附录部分,主要阐释以“二仙”为核心的晋城民间审美生活,通过以上种种,突出晋城地区的地域美学特点。
[Abstract]:Jincheng City in Shanxi Province is located in the southeast corner of Shanxi Province, above the Taihang Mountains. It has a long history, deep cultural accumulation and a strong religious atmosphere. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, Taoists expanded the influence of Taoism in order to better spread Taoism. In the process of missionary, there was a constant struggle and integration with the folk religion. Finally, a unique "Erxian belief" was formed in Southeast Shanxi. The Erxian was called "the second daughter of Le", and the local people used to call it "Erxian Grandma". The people of Southeast Shanxi began to believe in "Erxian" in the late Tang Dynasty. "Erxian" belongs to Jin Dynasty. The regional folk worship of the gods in Southeast China, It was also the result of the constant struggle and integration between Taoism and folk religion. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the rulers strongly supported the belief in Taoism, and successive emperors had a special hobby and pursuit of Taoism. This kind of hobby and pursuit developed to a very extravagant stage in the Song Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty. As a result, the belief of the two immortals developed rapidly in Southeast Shanxi and was recognized by the ruling class as "Chong Hui" and "Chong Shu" two real people. The temple name is "Zhenze." during this period, the belief of Erxian reached its peak and gradually formed a relatively complete belief system. The people of Southeast Shanxi also built a large number of temples in various places. Taoists and Taoists also influence the belief of the two immortals by reshaping the image of the two immortals, giving them a Taoist name, and carrying out Taoist rituals. Absorbing some of the teachings of Taoism, but it also contains local folk stories, legends and customs, so it has strong local characteristics, buildings and murals related to the belief of the two faiths. Folk literature and other aspects can all show the characteristics of local regional aesthetics. There are many followers of the "Erxian" among the local people, and temple fairs prevail and continue to this day. We can still see the grand occasion of the sacrifice of Erxian. This article will take the belief of Erxian in Jincheng, Shanxi Province as the breakthrough point, and put the relevant literature, history, architecture, line murals, stage, etc. Folklore as the object of study. In the early stage, historical literature materials were combed and collected, then a large number of field surveys were carried out, and all the second fairy temples in Jincheng district were sorted out. The introduction of this paper is composed of three parts, which are the research status, research significance, research ideas, methods and innovative points of the belief of Erxian. The text is composed of three chapters. The first chapter is the Shanxi Jincheng two immortals faith and the two immortals temple general situation, from the extant second fairy temple, deeply excavates the two immortals faith the origin, the origin as well as the change in the time long river; The second chapter mainly discusses the architectural aesthetic characteristics of Erxian Temple. Firstly, it combs the existing Erxian Temple and its distribution, and then selects three temple characteristics with research value, namely, Xixi Erxian Temple advocates natural environmental aesthetics. The beauty of symmetry and harmony in the dressing building of the Erxian Temple in Xixi and the artistic conception of the Temple of Heaven in Xiaonan Village; the third chapter is the aesthetic characteristics of the paintings and statues of the Temple of Erxian, and three works of research significance and geographical representation are also selected. They are the aesthetic features of line engraving in Song and Jin Dynasty and Jin people's towel Dance, the beautiful appearance of the Xiremen Erxian Palace brick carvings, the mural paintings of the South God-Tou Erxian Temple and the Song plastic two female Statue statues of the Xiao Nan Village's two Immortals Temple, each of which has its own unique features. Then there is the appendix, which mainly explains the folk aesthetic life of Jincheng with "Erxian" as the core. Through all the above, it highlights the regional aesthetic characteristics of Jincheng area.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B834.2;B933

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