长治地区家庭祭祀的民俗研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:24

本文选题：民俗　切入点：民间信仰　出处：《黑龙江省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民俗,是人们在日常生活中世代传承、相沿成习的生活模式,它是一个民俗群体在语言、行为和心理上的集体习惯。而人们的生活一天天在悄然发生变化,所以民俗具有变异性。在当下社会状况日新月异的背景中,很多曾盛极一时的民俗文化面临着不同的抉择,或改变,或渐渐消亡。家庭祭祀,作为一个不太受外界关注的民俗事象,长期以来在相对封闭的家庭空间范围内独自发展着,不被社会大众熟知,甚至造成了偏见,将家庭祭祀与迷信混为一谈,这对于家庭祭祀所蕴含的丰富民俗文化的认识是不准确的,也是不公平的。本文的目的之一便在于改变这种认识,为此选取了笔者熟悉的家乡长治地区,希望通过展现长治家庭祭祀的民俗面貌,发掘其民俗价值,并对家庭祭祀的现实发展和传承做出思考。本文首先在绪言中立足当下“文化复兴”的时代背景,通过将视角深入、细化,沿着“文化—民俗—民间信仰—家庭祭祀”的路径,聚焦于本文的研究对象:家庭祭祀。继而分以五章遵循“背景—展演—剖析—传承”的思维脉络,对长治地区的家庭祭祀展开由表及里、由现状到未来的民俗探索。背景——即第一章,民俗的时代特性决定了家庭祭祀的存在与发展,长治家祭与其所在的空间背景密切相关,发生于特定的自然环境塑造和人文语境培养。展演——这一部分集中体现于第二章,既通过个案重现了长治家祭的程式,展现其民俗面貌,同时为实现对长治家祭的完整呈现,又分别从祭祀对象、祭祀者、供品三个要素的维度对长治家祭的现实概况做出了表达。剖析——包含第三章和第四章,首先以比较的分析方法,希望通过分别对长治地区的家庭祭祀与公共祭祀、家庭祭祀与岁时节日的关联性和差异性做出辨析,更深入探索家庭祭祀的民俗本质。其次,借用人类学马林诺夫斯基的功能理论和心理学马斯洛的需求理论,分别基于神本位(包括仪式本位)、人本位两方向,对家庭祭祀进一步深入剖析。传承——本文在第五章,将研究对象指向长治家祭的新生代传承者“青年一代”,通过溯究“青年一代”对家庭祭祀的认知现状背后的原因,对家庭祭祀的未来传承做出假定推测。余论部分,引用徐华龙的“泛民俗”理论,对家庭祭祀的发展前景做出反思。
[Abstract]:Folklore is the mode of life that people pass on from generation to generation in their daily lives. It is a collective habit of a folk group in language, behavior, and psychology. And people's lives are quietly changing day by day. Therefore, folklore has variability. In the context of the rapid changes in the current social situation, many folk cultures that were once very popular are faced with different choices, or change, or die out gradually. Family sacrifices, As a folk phenomenon that has not attracted much attention from the outside world, it has been developing alone in the relatively closed family space for a long time, and has not been known to the public in society, and has even created prejudice, mixing family sacrifice with superstition. One of the purposes of this paper is to change this understanding, so I choose Changzhi District, my hometown, which is familiar to me. I hope to reveal the folklore appearance of Changzhi family sacrifice, explore its folklore value, and think about the realistic development and inheritance of family sacrifice. First, this article bases itself in the background of the present "cultural rejuvenation" in the introduction, through the angle of view, Detailed, along the path of "culture-folk-folk-folk belief-family sacrifice", focusing on the research object of this paper: family sacrifice. Then it follows the thinking context of "background, exhibition, analysis and inheritance" in five chapters. From the outside to the inside, from the present situation to the future, the folk custom exploration is carried out in Changzhi area. The first chapter, the time characteristic of folk custom determines the existence and development of the family sacrifice, and the Changzhi family sacrifice is closely related to its spatial background. This part is embodied in the second chapter, which reproduces the procedure of Changzhi family sacrifice, shows its folklore appearance, and realizes the complete presentation of Changzhi family sacrifice, in order to realize the complete presentation of Changzhi family sacrifice. It also expresses the realistic situation of the Changzhi family sacrifice from the dimensions of the object of sacrifice, the sacrificial person and the offering. Analysis-including the third chapter and the fourth chapter, first of all, by the comparative analysis method, I hope to differentiate the relationship and difference between family sacrifice and public sacrifice, family sacrifice and festival in Changzhi area, and explore the folklore essence of family sacrifice more deeply. Secondly, On the basis of Ma Lin Novsky's function theory of anthropology and Maslow's demand theory of psychology, based on the two directions of God standard (including ritual standard and human standard), the author further analyzes the family sacrifice. The research object is pointed to the "young generation", the new generation inheritor of the Changzhi family sacrifice. By looking back at the reasons behind the cognition of the "young generation" to the family sacrifice, the author hypothesizes the future inheritance of the family sacrifice. Based on Xu Hualong's theory of "universal folklore", this paper reflects on the development prospect of family sacrifice.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B933

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