宗教信仰：超越理性的人生诉求

发布时间：2018-03-25 04:34

本文选题：马克思主义哲学　切入点：宗教信仰　出处：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自改革开放之后,国内社会经济水平得到了高速发展,中国人的生活理念、思维方法、世界观与价值观都发生了重大的改变,整个社会都加入了物质文明建设与个人财富积累的浪潮之中,中国人的对金钱的渴望从未得以如此直白的展现,“有钱”已经成为了彰显个人成功与身份的主要体现方式。在我国虽然在经济建设方面取得了举世瞩目的成就的同时,人们对金钱过度的追求也意味着人对物的依赖性,正如马克思所指出的“现代人的独立性是以对物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性,人由过去对他人的依赖改变成为对物质的依赖,人被异化了”[1]。对金钱与物质疯狂的追求,致使人们在现实世界中迷失了自我。人们失去了人类所追求的另一个层面,即精神信仰的层面。信仰缺失或者说精神空虚这一问题给整个社会带来了巨大的冲击,不断刷新人们对事物传统认知的底线。从道德层面来讲,整个社会的道德水平整体下降是一个不争的事实,中华民族的传统美德未能得以发扬,尊老爱幼难以得到体现,各种赡养纠纷案件、残害妇女儿童案件等事件时有发生,堪称“礼乐崩坏”。从社会层面的角度来看,中国青年的犯罪率逐年上升,黄赌毒问题的日益加剧,辱母案、山西腐败窝案、电信诈骗案等类似案件,蔓延于整个社会的问题挑战着全国人民的道德底线。就精神层而言,普遍性的精神空虚、自我存在感的丧失日益加重了信仰缺失问题的影响范围,高发病率的精神类疾病、心理扭曲、心理畸形与自杀现象日益频繁。以上问题都集中表明了当代社会人们精神层面空虚的问题,其主要产生原因是因为精神信仰层面的缺失,人们找不到自我的人生意义与存在价值。习近平同志谈到:“人民有信仰,民族有希望,国家有力量”[2]。本文中作者首先对宗教的起源及宗教产生物质基础进行哲学解读,接着阐明马克思主义的宗教观,证明马克思否定宗教的目的不是为了消灭宗教,而是为了实现人类的自由和解放,继而说明宗教信仰存在并将产期存在下去,是社会主义信仰体系的重要补充;接下来,作者通过对宗教、信仰与哲学三者之间联系与区别的分析,证明三者的目的统一,均具有“终极关怀的属性”;再次,宗教信仰因其本质的唯心,故而具有的超越理性的特点,同时宗教信仰可以满足人生三大基本精神需求、可以在一定程度上凝聚力量、提高道德水平、促进社会稳定;文章最后说明如何正确的认识宗教,首先说明我国现行的宗教政策,其次应当区别宗教与迷信、再次辨别正教与邪教、最后说明宗教不受国外势力支配。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the social and economic level of the country has developed at a high speed. The Chinese people's concept of life, thinking methods, world outlook and values have all undergone major changes. The whole society has joined the tide of material civilization construction and personal wealth accumulation. The Chinese people's desire for money has never been so plainly demonstrated. "having money" has become the main manifestation of personal success and identity. While our country has made remarkable achievements in economic construction, People's excessive pursuit of money also means that people are dependent on things. As Marx pointed out, "the independence of modern people is the independence of people based on their dependence on things." People have changed from dependence on others to material dependence, and they have been alienated. "[1]. The crazy pursuit of money and material causes people to lose themselves in the real world. That is, the level of spiritual belief. The lack of belief or spiritual emptiness has brought great impact to the whole society, constantly refreshing the bottom line of people's traditional cognition of things. It is an indisputable fact that the overall moral level of the whole society has declined. The traditional virtues of the Chinese nation have not been carried forward, it is difficult to show respect for the elderly and love the young, and various cases of maintenance disputes and cases of maiming women and children occur from time to time. From a social point of view, the crime rate of Chinese youth has increased year by year, the problem of pornography, gambling and drugs has become increasingly serious, the case of insulting their mother, the corruption case in Shanxi Province, the case of telecom fraud, and so on. As far as the spiritual level is concerned, the universal spiritual emptiness and the loss of a sense of self-existence increasingly aggravate the scope of the problem of lack of belief, the high incidence of mental diseases, Psychological distortion, mental malformation and suicide are more and more frequent. The above problems all show the emptiness of people's spiritual level in contemporary society, and the main reason is the lack of spiritual belief. People can not find their own meaning in life and existence value. Comrade Xi Jinping said: "the people have faith, the nation has hope, and the country has power" [2]. In this article, the author first makes a philosophical interpretation of the origin of religion and the material basis of religion. Then it explains the religious view of Marxism, proves that Marx's purpose of denying religion is not to destroy religion, but to realize the freedom and liberation of human beings, and then to explain the existence of religious belief and the existence of birth period. It is an important supplement to the socialist belief system. Then, through the analysis of the relationship and difference among religion, belief and philosophy, the author proves that the purpose of the three is unified and all of them have the attribute of "ultimate care". Religious belief has the characteristic of transcending rationality because of its essence idealism. At the same time, religious belief can satisfy the three basic spiritual needs of life, can gather strength to a certain extent, improve moral level and promote social stability. In the end, the paper explains how to understand religion correctly, first of all, the current religious policy of our country, secondly, we should distinguish between religion and superstition, distinguish between orthodox religion and cults again, and finally explain that religion is not controlled by foreign forces.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B920

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