老庄著作和巴利语佛经若干词的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 20:15

本文选题：老庄著作 + 巴利佛经　；参考：《华东师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 老庄著作和巴利佛经的产生及具体形成时期属于同一个时代，两种文献的语言有着同一个时期的文化背景。然而，迄今为止，汉语与巴利语的系统比较研究基本处于空白状态。我们以为两种文献中富于文化哲学内涵的词更容易充分地反映语言内涵层面的某种对应性。本文以此为立足点进行了细致而系统的比较，详尽地分析了它们的语言和文化意蕴，力图在这个领域有所开拓。本文共有九个部分。绪论部分综述了老庄著作和巴利佛经的可比性、文化哲学词比较的意义和比较的方略以及关于本文研究起点。第一章到第七章为本文的主体部分，分别就老庄著作和《长尼迦耶》中七组重要的文化哲学词进行语言及文化内涵的比较研究。第一章详述了“道”这个词与巴利语词干“magga”可直接对应的5种用法，即：“人所行走的道路”、“中途／半途”、“途径／方法”、“大道”和“学说／学术”。研究显示，两者在词义、词义引申和演变等方面有着惊人的一致性，并在与“magga”一词的对比中探寻到在构字理据层面“道”具有“寻求”的意蕴。第二章详述了“天”这个词与巴利语“deva”以及其它同源词干直接对应的7种用法，即：“主宰者／上天”、“天子”、“对他人的尊称”、“姓名”、“白天”、“日”和“天空”。研究发现，老庄之“天”有时意指超自然的现象，与“地”对立，且两者相互渗透，蕴涵着更深邃的哲学范畴。文章通过比较《老子》的不同版本，提出了“天”偶尔具有“大”的含义。“天”之“大”义有助于理解“天象”的内涵，而“天象”是能够与“大道”相对应的概念。第三章详述了“圣”这个词与巴利语词干“araha”、“arahanta”直接对应的3种用法，即：“听闻”、“儒、墨两家的‘圣’”和“道家的‘圣’”。文章通过跟词干“arahanta”的对比，指出“圣”一词具有“明智”这一深层内涵，同时还揭示了“圣”这个词在老庄著作中的多种用义。“圣”能够包容对立的意义，因而可以认为在古代词义训释中呈现反训现象。第四章详述了“法”这个词与巴利语“dhamma”以及其同源词干直接对应的9种用法，即：“刑法”、“废”、“法规”、“标准”、“效法”、“方法”、“大道”、“规律”和“礼法”。文章以巴利语词根“dhara”的本义——“禁”为参照，从“刑法”这一概念揭示了汉语中的“法”中存有“禁”的意蕴并被包含在“去”的内涵中。第五章详述了“善”这个词与巴利语“kusala”以及其同源词干直接对应的8种用法，即：“好／美好”、“善行”、“完善”、“完善的人”、“善道”、“好处”、“善于／能／会”和“姓”。文章讨论了老庄著作中的“善”和《长尼迦耶》中“kusala”的同中之异，并以巴利语“kusa”为参照，讨论了“善”起源于“吉祥”之义的深层逻辑思维内涵。第六章详述了“物”这个词与巴利语词干“loka”、“ullokaka”直接对应的5种用法，即：“看”、“万物”、“外物”、“人”和“昆虫／动物”。文章论证了“物”的“万物”和巴利语“loka”的“世”在词面意义上虽有很大的差异，但实际意义却有着普遍的一致性。依据巴利语词干“loka”中“看”的意义，指出汉语“勿”和“物”的内在联系，以及“勿”在构字理据层面具有“相土色”的意蕴。从而得出结论：中、印文化中的“万物”及“世”的概念起源于“观察”物体现象，此为“勿”和“loka”的重要内涵。第七章详述了“德”这个词与巴利语词干“guna”直接对应的6种用法，即：“品德”、“德性”、“本质”、“恩德”、“美德”和“界限”。文章通过分析巴利语词根“guna”的本义以及汉语“德”字的造字意图，揭示出在中、印文化中两者都可以“行走”比喻“行为”，从而进入道德观的范畴，，发现它们同样具备“外得于人，内得于己”的文化内涵。第八章通过前七章的分析、比较、研究，总结出富于上古文化内涵是老庄和巴利文献重点文化哲学词的共性，但老庄著作中的重点文化哲学词的内涵包容度更大。文章最后论证了老庄和巴利著作中文化哲学词在用法上体现出较为明显的对应规律。
[Abstract]:The generation and specific formation period of Lao Zhuang's works and the Bali Buddhist scriptures belong to the same era, and the language of the two literature has the same cultural background. However, so far, the systematic comparative study of Chinese and Bali is basically in a blank state. We think that the words rich in the connotation of cultural philosophy in the two literature are more easily and fully reverse. This paper makes a detailed and systematic comparison between the language and the culture of the language and the cultural implication of the language, and tries to develop in this field.
There are nine parts in this article.
The introduction summarizes the comparability of Lao Tzu's works and the Bali Sutra, the comparison of cultural philosophy words, the general strategies and the starting point of this study.
The first chapter to the seventh chapter is the main part of this article. It makes a comparative study of the language and cultural connotations of the seven important cultural philosophical words in Lao Zhuang's works and the "long Nicae >".
The first chapter describes the 5 uses of the word "Tao" and the "magga" of the Bali language, that is, "the way people walk", "halfway / halfway", "way / method", "Avenue" and "Doctrine / academic". In contrast with the word "magga", we find that "Tao" has the meaning of "seeking" in the construction of word motivation.
The second chapter expounds the 7 uses of the word "heaven" and the Bali "Deva" and other homologous stems, that is, "master / God", "heavenly son", "name", "name", "day", "day" and "sky". By comparing the different versions of Lao Zi, the article puts forward that "heaven" has the meaning of "big" occasionally. The meaning of "heaven" is helpful to understand the connotation of the "heavens", and the "heavens" is a concept that corresponds to the "road".
The third chapter expounds the 3 uses of the word "Saint" and the "araha" and "arahanta" of the Bali language, that is, "hearing", "Saint" and "Saint" of the Taoist family "" and "the saints" of the Taoist family. By comparing with the word "arahanta", the article points out that the word "Saint" has the deep connotation of "wisdom", and it is also uncovered at the same time. It shows the various meanings of the word "Saint" in the works of Lao Zhuang. "Saint" can contain the opposite meaning, so it can be considered to show the anti training phenomenon in the interpretation of ancient word meaning.
The fourth chapter expounds the 9 uses of the word "law" and the Bali language "Dhamma" and its homologous stem, that is, "criminal law", "waste", "law", "standard", "validity", "method", "Avenue", "law" and "Rites". The article is based on the "ban" of the Bali word root "Dhara". The concept of "criminal law" reveals the meaning of "Prohibition" in Chinese "law" and is included in the connotation of "go".
The fifth chapter expounds the 8 uses of "good", "good", "good", "good", "perfect", "perfect", "good", "good", "good", "good / able / meeting" and "surname". The article discusses the "good" and "Chang Ni Jia Ye" in Lao Zhuang's works. With reference to the difference between "kusala" and "kusA" in the Ba Li language, the deep logic thinking connotation of "good" originated from the meaning of "auspicious" is discussed.
The sixth chapter details the 5 uses of the word "thing" and the Bali word "Loka" and "ullokaka", that is, "look", "all things", "things", "people" and "insects / animals". The article demonstrates that the "things" and "the world" of the "Loka" in the Bali language are very different in the meaning of the words. According to the meaning of "watching" in the "Loka" of the Bali word stem, this paper points out the intrinsic relationship between "do not" and "things" in Chinese, and the meaning of "do not" have "color" in the layer mask of "do not", and thus draws a conclusion that the concept of "everything" and "world" in the culture of India originated from the concept of "view". To observe the phenomenon of objects is an important connotations of "no" and "Loka".
The seventh chapter expounds the 6 uses of the word "Virtue" and the "Guna" of the Bali language, that is, "morality", "Virtue", "essence", "Virtue", "Virtue" and "boundary". The article reveals that the meaning of the "Guna" in the Bali word root and the Chinese character of the word "de" are two. People can "walk" analogy "behavior", and thus enter the category of morality, and find that they also have the cultural connotation of "get outside, get inside yourself".
The eighth chapter, through the analysis, comparison and study of the first seven chapters, concludes that the connotation of the ancient culture is the commonness of the key cultural and philosophical words of the Lao Zhuang and the Bali literature, but the connotation of the key cultural philosophy in Lao Zhuang's works is more inclusive. Corresponding laws.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：B949

【引证文献】