1912年前《泰晤士报》中的中国儒释道形象

发布时间：2018-04-28 11:30

本文选题：《泰晤士报》 + 比较文学　；参考：《温州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：报纸对于一国形象的塑造起着举足轻重的作用。《泰晤士报》是英国的一份综合性全国发行的日报,它的影响力涉及到全世界政治、经济、文化、社会等多个方面。本文以1785-1912年《泰晤士报》当中塑造的中国儒释道三教的形象作为研究对象,作者运用比较文学的方法和理论,对《泰晤士报》当中关于中国儒释道的报道进行研读和分析,最后发现该报塑造的是表面上言说儒释道三教这个他者,实际上是言说基督教自我的形象。对于中国的儒释道三教,他们的态度也并不是从一而终,一成不变的。该报关于中国儒教的报道就出现了从批评出现,到批评加剧再到“重新提倡”的变化;对于道教和佛教的报道,则大多数都是一以贯之的批评和抨击,未有太多变化。无论是变,还是不变,抑或是批评还是提倡,实际上是在于他们国力实力的提升以及传教的义务的需要,而不是对中国的宗教的认识有了实质性的变化。对于虔诚信奉新教的传教士和部分记者和外交官等人而言,全知全能全在的上帝是他们唯一的信仰,信仰或敬畏任何其他的神便是对上帝的亵渎和不敬。另外,基督教不允许造像,中国的偶像崇拜则成了另一个他们不能忍受的重要方面。对于一些不信仰新教的记者而言,他们出于自身种种原因,对于中国宗教的态度也不甚友善。对于《泰晤士报》当中关于中国儒释道的研究,一方面,在中西文化交流的过程中,对文化传播的有利方面加以利用和发展,不利的方面则尽力避免和改正,进而有利于中国优秀文化走出去和实现世界优秀文化共享;另一方面,以西方人眼中的中国儒释道为镜子,可以借此观照出我们自身文化存在的不足和缺陷,帮助我们对传统文化取其精华,去其糟粕,批判性地继承和发展。本文第一章简要概括了课题的研究现状和其他一些基础内容。第二章具体分析《泰晤士报》当中所呈现的儒教形象。发现对于儒教的认识发生了由过去的乌托邦变成意识形态的参照,再到把儒教当作言说自我的工具。第三章则具体分析了《泰晤士报》中所展示的中国佛教形象。发现该报整体塑造的是一个负面的和消极的中国的佛教形象,具体表现为信仰对象不唯一,信仰理论不可靠,以及信仰徒众不受人尊敬,没有地位。第四章则分析了《泰晤士报》中所体现的道教形象。发现该报对于中国道教同样是持有一个批判和抨击的态度。具体体现为对作为一种思想的道家思想和作为一种宗教的道教不分,以及认为从道家变化为道教就是一种堕落,一种腐败。最后一章对前面的几章进行梳理,自然而然地得出结论:《泰晤士报》为了突出自我(基督教),而不断批评和抨击他者(中国儒释道)。
[Abstract]:Newspaper plays an important role in shaping the image of a country. The Times is a comprehensive national daily newspaper issued in Britain. Its influence involves political, economic, cultural, social and other aspects of the world. This paper takes the image of the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism created in the Times of 1785-1912 as the object of study. The author uses the method and theory of comparative literature to study and analyze the reports about Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the Times. Finally, it is found that what the newspaper portrays is the other on the surface of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, in fact, it is the image of Christian self. The attitude of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in China is not the same. The newspaper's report on Confucianism in China shows a change from criticism to aggravation to "re-promotion", while most of the reports on Taoism and Buddhism are consistent criticism and criticism, without much change. Whether it is changing or not, or criticizing or advocating, it is actually due to their national strength and the need for missionary duty, rather than a substantial change in their understanding of Chinese religion. For the devout Protestant missionaries and some journalists and diplomats the all-knowing omnipotent God is their only faith and belief in or fear of any other God is blasphemy and disrespect to God. In addition, Christianity does not allow idolatry, and Chinese idolatry is another important aspect they cannot bear. For some non-Protestant journalists, for their own reasons, they are not very friendly to Chinese religion. With regard to the study of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in China in the Times, on the one hand, in the process of cultural exchange between China and the West, the beneficial aspects of cultural communication are utilized and developed, while the negative aspects are tried to avoid and correct. On the other hand, with the Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the eyes of the West as a mirror, we can take this as an example of the shortcomings and defects of our own culture. Help us to take the essence of traditional culture, discard the dross, critically inherit and develop. The first chapter briefly summarizes the research status and some other basic contents. The second chapter analyzes the Confucian image in the Times. It is found that the understanding of Confucianism has changed from utopia to ideological reference, and then to Confucianism as a tool for self-expression. The third chapter analyzes the image of Chinese Buddhism in the Times. It is found that the newspaper as a whole portrays a negative and negative Buddhist image of China, which is manifested in the following aspects: the belief object is not unique, the belief theory is not reliable, and the believers are not respected and have no status. The fourth chapter analyzes the Taoist image embodied in the Times. Found that the newspaper also holds a critical and critical attitude towards Chinese Taoism. It is embodied in the fact that Taoism as a thought is not distinguished from Taoism as a religion, and that the change from Taoism to Taoism is a kind of depravity and corruption. The last chapter combs the previous chapters and naturally concludes that the Times constantly criticizes and criticizes others in order to highlight itself (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in China).
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B22;B948

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