奥古斯丁自由意志诠释

发布时间：2018-04-28 17:16

本文选题：奥古斯丁 + 自由意志　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：奥古斯丁是古罗马帝国时期著名的基督教思想家,欧洲中世纪基督教神学、教父哲学的重要代表人物之一,也被誉为是西方最重要的思想家之一。自由意志的问题是他整个神学体系中一个重要的环节,奥古斯丁通过自己的生存经历去体验什么是自由,并将柏拉图的求善原则与基督教的救赎理论合二为一,从而为自由意志开辟了新的领域,也为随后的康德、黑格尔等著名的大哲学家的自由理论打下了理论基础。可以说,从奥古斯丁开始,自由意志问题构成了西方哲学与基督教神学共同关注的问题之一。可见,奥古斯丁作为中世纪基督教发展的一位重要人士,他的自由意志开启了神学与哲学的对话,也在“自由”的整个发展史中起到了至关重要的作用。奥古斯丁的自由观主要体现在他的著作《论自由意志》一书中。该书从“恶”的概念谈起,但由于万物出于上帝之手,而上帝又是全善、全能的,这使得奥古斯丁不得不去思考到底谁应该为“恶”负责。由此,奥古斯丁引出了人的原罪,来说明自己对自由意志的观点。从该书的表层含义看,奥古斯丁是为“恶”寻找到源头,而实质上,奥古斯丁是在试图找到人类意志的真正自由——即只有得到上帝的恩典的拯救,人类意志才能开始真正的自由,人才能自由。本文试图从奥古斯丁基督教思想入手,将其灵魂观与自由意志连接起来,对奥古斯丁的自由意志进行完整的梳理。同时,也希望能发掘出奥古斯丁自由意志学说在整个西方哲学中的重要作用及其现实意义。本文分为三部分,从奥古斯丁自由意志学说产生的源头开篇,剖析奥古斯丁自由意志学说的深邃,并通过其对以后的神、哲学家的影响,分析其重要性,唤起被人们忽略的、却被奥古斯丁坚信的上帝对人的创造及上帝赐予人恩典的目的,即完成对人的改造,使其灵魂与肉体真正统一起来,从而获得真正的自由。
[Abstract]:Augustine was a famous Christian thinker in the Roman Empire, one of the most important representatives of Christian theology and Godfather philosophy in the Middle Ages in Europe, and was also regarded as one of the most important thinkers in the West. The question of free will is an important part of his whole theological system. Augustine experiences what freedom is through his own living experience, and combines Plato's principle of good with Christian theory of redemption. It opened up a new field for free will and laid a theoretical foundation for the later great philosophers such as Kant and Hegel. It can be said that the question of free will has become one of the common concerns of western philosophy and Christian theology since Augustine. Therefore, Augustine, as an important figure in the development of medieval Christianity, his free will opened the dialogue between theology and philosophy, and also played a vital role in the whole history of "freedom". Augustine's view of freedom is mainly embodied in his book on Free will. The book begins with the concept of "evil," but because everything is in the hands of God, and God is all good and omnipotent, Augustine has to think about who is responsible for "evil." From this, Augustine elicited the original sin of man to illustrate his view of free will. On the surface of the book, Augustine is looking for the source of "evil," and in essence, Augustine is trying to find the true freedom of human will-that is, only to be saved by the grace of God. Only human will can begin true freedom and man can be free. This paper attempts to start with Augustine's Christian thought, and combines his view of soul with free will, and makes a complete combing of Augustine's free will. At the same time, we hope to discover the important role and practical significance of Augustine's theory of free will in the whole western philosophy. This article is divided into three parts, beginning with the origin of Augustine's theory of free will, analyzing the depth of Augustine's theory of free will, and analyzing its importance through its influence on later gods and philosophers, and evoking what people ignore. But Augustine believed that God's creation of man and the purpose of God's grace to man, that is, to complete the transformation of man, to make his soul and body truly United, so as to obtain real freedom.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B502.44;B979

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