祭海仪式的变迁与社会影响

发布时间：2018-05-09 16:32

本文选题：沙子口海庙 + 巡游仪式　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：文化是人类发展过程中的重要组成部分。民间信仰是历经了漫长的岁月的传承、发展、演变并且延续至今的文化现象。在近些年来，民间信仰也成为了学术界关注的重点之一，得到了广泛的发展。但是这些研究都存在着特殊的研究倾向，我国拥有五十六个民族的国家，这种得天独厚的民族优势使得对民间信仰的研究多注重少数民族特殊的生活方式以及特殊的文化和信仰上。对于沿海地区的民间信仰则关注较少，，专门针对海神民间信仰的、特别是我国北方海神民间信仰的变迁史研究更是微乎其微。因此，本文选取青岛沙子口海庙巡游祭海仪式的变迁为例，对沙子口祭海仪式的变迁过程，以时间为经线分成了从海庙建立到20世纪50年代，从20世纪50年代到20世纪90年代，从20世纪90年代至今三个时期论述了沙子口海庙和巡游仪式的变迁过程，并在此基础上说明沙子口祭海在其历史发展变迁过程中发挥着维护社会稳定，凝聚地方民心，促进经济发展等重要的社会功能。沙子口海庙巡游仪式的变迁过程是与我国的经济、政治等方面的社会变迁息息相关的。从海庙建立到20世纪50年代，海庙逐渐扩大规模，祭海仪式一直是由渔民自发举行和传承。在20世纪50年代到20世纪90年代，由于各种原因，海庙被毁坏，祭海仪式也被迫停止。20世纪90年代后，政府重视文化发展，出资重新修建海庙，并将沙子口祭海列入首批崂山非物质文化遗产之中。以此为标志，在当地政府的大力支持下，海神民间信仰文化逐渐蓬勃发展起来，并在2012年举办的的崂山非物质文化遗产节上，沙子口祭海仪式作为开幕式的重头戏在世纪广场为人们展现了海洋文化的独特魅力。沙子口祭海仪式传承百年是因为其不断的顺应社会，随着社会的发展而改变，对当地社会秩序的运行和社会结构的维持起到了特定的作用。从建庙到20世纪50年代，由祭海仪式辐射而生的庙会作为集合渔民进行集体活动的方式，发挥着维护社会稳定的功能。在20世纪50年代到20世纪90年代，蕴含在海神信仰中的优秀的道德传统文化影响着渔民的衣食住行。20世纪90年代之后，得到了政府充分重视的祭海仪式是民众娱乐旅游的一个重要方式，并且带来不菲的经济收入。中国有着漫长的海岸线，有着上亿的渔民和沿海众多的渔村。不少渔村都面临着现代化和城市化的挑战，但是挑战同样是机遇。沙子口地区渔村是一个个例，但是同样是众多渔村的一个缩影。海神民间信仰在新时代虽然面临传承和发展的诸多挑战，但在新时代它们有了新的社会功能，保护和发展海神民间信仰不仅仅保护了文化的多样性，而且还有助于提高人们的生态环保意识和海洋权利意识。21世纪是海洋的世纪，海洋开发、利用和保护等海洋事业的发展离不开这些实践活动中形成的海洋文化，海洋民间信仰作为海洋文化中的重要组成部分，应该受到重视。
[Abstract]:Culture is an important part of the process of human development. Folk belief is a cultural phenomenon that has been inherited, developed, evolved and continued. In recent years, folk beliefs have become one of the focus of academic attention and have been widely developed. But there are special research tendencies in these studies. China has a country with fifty-six nationalities, and this unique national advantage makes the study of folk beliefs pay more attention to the special ways of life and special culture and belief of the ethnic minorities. The folk beliefs of the coastal areas are less concerned, especially the folk beliefs of the sea god, especially the folk beliefs of the Northern Sea God in China. The study of the history of change is very small. Therefore, this article selects the vicissitude of the sacrificial ceremony of the Shazikou temple in Qingdao as an example. The process of the vicissitude of the sacrificial ceremony in Shazikou is divided into the meridian from the sea temple to the 1950s, from 1950s to 1990s, and from 1990s to the present. On the basis of the changing process of Shazikou sea temples and cruising ceremonies, it shows that the Shazikou sacrificial sea plays an important social function in maintaining social stability, gathering local people's hearts and promoting economic development in the course of its historical development and change.
The vicissitude of the cruising ceremony of the Shazikou sea temple is closely related to the economic and political social changes in our country. From the establishment of the sea temple to the 1950s, the sea temple gradually expanded, and the sacrificial ceremony was held and inherited spontaneously by the fishermen. From 1950s to 1990s, the temple was destroyed and sacrificed for various reasons. The sea ceremony was also forced to stop the 90s.20 century. The government attached great importance to cultural development, rebuilt the temple of the sea, and put the Shazikou sea in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage of Laoshan. As a sign, with the strong support of the local government, the culture of the folk belief of the sea god was gradually developed and held in 2012 in Laoshan. At the festival of cultural heritage, the ceremony of Shazikou sacrificial sea ceremony as the highlight of the opening ceremony shows the unique charm of marine culture for people in Century Square.
The Shazikou sacrificial ceremony was inherited for a hundred years because of its continuous adaptation to the society and the change of social development. It played a specific role in the operation of the local social order and the maintenance of the social structure. From the temple building to the 1950s, the temple fair, born by the ceremony of the sacrificial ceremony, played a collective activity as a collection of fishermen. The function of maintaining social stability. From 1950s to 1990s, the excellent moral traditional culture contained in the belief of the sea god influenced the fishermen's food and food in the 90s of.20 century. The sacrificial ceremony, which has been paid full attention by the government, is a important way of public entertainment tourism, and brings a lot of economic income.
China has a long coastline with hundreds of millions of fishermen and many fishing villages along the coast. Many fishing villages face the challenges of modernization and urbanization. But the challenge is the same opportunity. The fishing village in Shazikou is a case, but it is also a miniature of many fishing villages. Many challenges, but in the new era they have a new social function, the protection and development of the sea god folk beliefs not only protect the diversity of culture, but also help to improve people's awareness of environmental protection and marine rights.21 century is the century of ocean, marine development, utilization and protection of marine development can not be separated from these Marine culture, as an important part of marine culture, should be taken seriously in the practice of marine culture.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B933

【参考文献】