《新约》中的死亡观及其历史影响

发布时间：2018-05-26 20:08

本文选题：《新约》 + 死亡观　；参考：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2013年01期

【摘要】：在犹太人与罗马当局的双层压力下,《新约》作者们被迫在死亡问题上作出回应。他们认为,死亡不过是由此世达到来世永生的一个小小转折,一切死者都要复活接受审判,根据其生前的行为决定其获得永福还是永罚;这种复活是肉体复活,因而有别于异教哲学。在《新约》中,"阴间"和"地狱"是有本质区别的,前者指死者暂栖的地方,后者则指恶人被定刑后的去处;"天堂"既可以建立在天上,也可以建立在人间,它是耶稣基督里的上帝主权和统治权的实现。由于确立了个人与上帝的关系,《新约》中的今生是充实和积极的,但是相比之下,永恒的来世更值得向往。这种死亡观促成了一种简朴和实在的葬仪,在葬礼上,应答轮唱的赞美诗取代了哀惋的挽歌和悲痛欲绝的哭丧;它推动了迫害时期基督徒的殉道,造就了早期基督教的英雄主义;同时,它还有助于确立起超越死亡的圣徒崇拜,使活人与死人的世界开始有了直接交流的渠道。
[Abstract]:Under double pressure from the Jewish and Roman authorities, the New Testament writers were forced to respond to the question of death. In their view, death is but a small turning point in the attainment of eternal life in this world, in which all the dead are resurrected and judged, depending on their actions, whether they have ever been blessed or punished forever; this resurrection is a resurrection of the flesh, Therefore, it is different from pagan philosophy. In the New Testament, there is an essential difference between "Hades" and "Hell". The former refers to the temporary habitat of the dead, while the latter refers to the place where the wicked have been condemned; "Heaven" can be established either in heaven or on earth. It is the realization of the sovereignty and dominion of God in Jesus Christ. The present life in the New Testament is full and positive because of the establishment of the relationship between the individual and God, but the eternal afterlife is more worthy of yearning. This view of death contributed to a simple and real burial instrument, at which the hymns of the reply turn replaced the mournful elegy and the mournful mourning; it promoted the martyrdom of Christians during the persecution period. At the same time, it helps to establish the worship of saints beyond death, so that the world between the living and the dead has a direct channel of communication.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号:07JA770025) 广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(编号:07I03)“罗马帝国时代基督教通俗信仰研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B971.2

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