从“敬神”到“祭祖”:微山湖湖区渔民宗族文化的建构

发布时间：2018-05-26 22:09

本文选题：老祖 + 祭祖　；参考：《民俗研究》2014年04期

【摘要】：明清以来,生活和生产环境的差异使得微山湖湖区渔民形成并传承着与陆居农民截然不同的风俗习惯和信仰系统。20世纪70年代以后,渔民上岸聚居,在水上时期并不凸显的宗族文化遂开始冒头。作为渔民精神文化的核心内容,"老祖"从祖先的总称发展为涵盖了祖先和各类神灵的庞杂信仰体系,其中的宗族因素从被隐含到逐渐被凸显,与渔民从水上到陆上的迁移有关键联系。五年或十年一次的"敬神"仪式从改名开始,被渔民们建构为自己的宗族文化,宗族因素渐渐从原本统合在一起的因生产方式形成的敬神活动中独立出来,续家谱仪式也从祭祖与敬神的统一转变为单纯为了续谱和祭祖而举办,这满足了渔民不同于陆居农民的那种对群体历史感和归属感的格外迫切而深刻的追求。
[Abstract]:Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the difference of living and production environment has made fishermen in Weishan Lake Lake area form and inherit customs, habits and belief systems completely different from those of land-based farmers. After the 1970s, fishermen came ashore to live together. The patriarchal culture, which did not stand out in the water period, began to appear. As the core content of the fisherman's spiritual culture, the "Old ancestor" developed from the general name of the ancestor to the complex belief system covering the ancestors and all kinds of gods, in which the clan factors were gradually highlighted from being implied to being highlighted. There is a key link to the migration of fishermen from water to land. The five-year or ten-year ritual of "worship of God" began with the change of name, and was constructed by fishermen as their own clan culture. Clan factors gradually became independent from the worship activities formed by the mode of production that had been integrated together. The ceremony of continuing genealogy also changed from the unity of ancestor worship and worship to being held solely for the sake of the continuation and worship of ancestors, which satisfied the particular urgent and profound pursuit of fishermen 'sense of history and belonging, which was different from that of land-based peasants.
【作者单位】：山东大学儒学高等研究院民俗学研究所;江苏省扬州市江都区邵伯镇人民政府;
【基金】：山东大学儒学高等研究院科研项目“当下宗族文化的复兴——以对山东的考察为中心”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B933

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