马克思的宗教观及其时代价值研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:17

本文选题：马克思 + 宗教观　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宗教是一种影响深远,普世性很强,文化底蕴深厚的社会意识形态,是人类把握社会的一种特殊方式,带有强烈的情感特性。马克思对宗教并未做很多集中的论述,但对宗教问题的关注与批判是其整个哲学思想的前提。马克思认为宗教作为一种虚幻的存在是由人的本质发生异化后衍生出来的。宗教作为一种先验的、感性的思维方式,是主体在生活境遇的困境中丧失了自我意识后演变出来的,所以它的根源是在人们的现实生活中,不在天上,马克思着重从现存物质世界的人的自我分裂和自我矛盾来客观理性的刨析宗教的产生。马克思主要从人类社会发展史就宗教发挥的政治社会作用来评判其是非功过的,在阶级社会中,传统宗教的确一直扮演着“美化”或“神化”统治阶级专制政权的角色,是统治阶级维护统治秩序的工具。在宗教的“庇护”下,人们像戴着枷锁一样不得不忍受陈旧腐朽剥削的制度,这也是马克思为什么对宗教激烈批判的原因。马克思对宗教的批判只是一个手段,绝非目的,他对宗教的批判,是对政治、资本主义私有制等不合理的现实问题的批判的前提,其目的是实现人的本质的完全复归,主体获得解放自由。马克思对宗教理论并未做很多集中的论述,但是对宗教的根源、本质、社会功能、存在的长期性、发展前景及消亡条件等都立足于世俗世界之上做了深刻的剖析,这对于马克思主义政党今后在解决宗教问题、制定相关的宗教政策都是有启示意义的。尤其我国作为一个多民族、信仰多元的国家,处在当前全球化的时代背景下,贯彻学习好马克思宗教思想并使之中国化,这与我国社会倡导的“和”文化理念也是吻合的。理性正确地引导宗教发展,推动宗教友好交流,发挥宗教的积极作用,丰富我国的文化蕴藏,不论对宗教本身的发展还是整个社会的文化建设都是一种“双赢”。
[Abstract]:Religion is a kind of social ideology with profound influence, strong universality and profound cultural background. It is a special way for human beings to grasp society and has strong emotional characteristics. Marx did not focus on religion, but the concern and criticism of religion is the premise of his whole philosophy. Marx believed that religion as a kind of illusory existence was derived from the alienation of human nature. Religion, as a transcendental, perceptual mode of thinking, evolved after the subject lost his self-consciousness in the plight of life, so its root is in people's real life, not in the sky. Marx focused on the existence of the material world of human self-division and self-contradiction to objectively and rationally analyze the emergence of religion. Marx mainly judged the political and social function of religion from the history of human social development. In the class society, traditional religion has indeed played the role of "beautifying" or "deified" the autocratic regime of the ruling class. It is a tool for the ruling class to maintain the ruling order. Under the "sheltering" of religion, people have to endure the old and decadent system of exploitation like shackles, which is the reason why Marx strongly criticized religion. Marx's criticism of religion is only a means, not an end. His criticism of religion is a prerequisite for criticizing unreasonable practical problems such as politics, capitalist private ownership, and so on. Its purpose is to realize the complete restoration of human nature. The subject was liberated. Marx did not make a lot of concentrated exposition on religious theory, but deeply analyzed the origin, essence, social function, the long-term nature of existence, the development prospect and the condition of extinction of religion, all of which were based on the secular world. It is instructive for Marxist political parties to solve religious problems and formulate relevant religious policies in the future. Especially, our country, as a country with many nationalities and many beliefs, is in the background of globalization, so we should study Marx's religious thought well and make it Chinese, which is consistent with the cultural concept of "harmony" advocated by our society. The rational and correct guidance of religious development, the promotion of religious friendly exchanges, the positive role of religion, and the enrichment of our country's cultural reserves are "win-win" to the development of religion itself and the cultural construction of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B920

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