晚期奥斯曼帝国世俗政治与宗教政治的博弈及其历史影响

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:44

  本文选题：奥斯曼帝国 + 世俗政治　； 参考：《世界宗教研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：作为伊斯兰文明演进序列中的重要一环,奥斯曼帝国通常被界定为政教合一抑或教俗合一的军事封建帝国,世俗政治与宗教政治的对抗博弈和此消彼长是帝国晚期政治生活的突出特征。近代以来,饱受西方冲击的奥斯曼帝国通过现代化改革和宪政运动以救亡图存,奥斯曼苏丹通过世俗化改革强化中央集权和弱化乌莱玛对教育司法权威的垄断;青年奥斯曼党和青年土耳其党引入西方宪政制度和民族主义理念来弱化君主权威和教界特权,导致宗教政治逐渐让步于世俗政治。晚期奥斯曼帝国世俗政治与宗教政治的博弈促进了现代中东诸国西方式宪政制度的确立,影响了民族主义认同的形成和基于世俗主义的现代化模式的选择,造成了中东现代化进程中普遍存在的精英与民众的二元对立。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the evolution of Islamic civilization, the Ottoman Empire was usually defined as the unity of religion and politics or the integration of religion and religion as a military feudal empire. The confrontation game between secular politics and religious politics was the prominent feature of political life in the late imperial period. Since modern times, the Ottoman Empire, which has been under the attack of the West, has saved the nation from extinction through modern reform and constitutional movement. The Ottoman Sultan strengthened centralization of power and weakened Ulama's monopoly on educational judicial authority through secularization reform. The youth Ottoman party and the youth Turkish party introduced the western constitutional system and the nationalism idea to weaken the monarch authority and the religious privilege, which led the religious politics to give way to the secular politics gradually. The game between secular and religious politics in the late Ottoman Empire promoted the establishment of the western constitutional system in the modern Middle East and affected the formation of nationalist identity and the choice of a modern model based on secularism. It caused the dualistic opposition between the elite and the people in the course of modernization in the Middle East.
【作者单位】： 辽宁大学转型国家经济政治研究中心;辽宁大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“土耳其正义与发展党执政理念与实践研究”(13CSS020);国家社科基金重大项目“中东部落社会通史研究”(15ZDB062) 辽宁省社科规划基金项目“辽宁省伊斯兰教的历史与现状研究”(L12DMZ009)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B969
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本文编号：1980097