施特劳斯对斯宾诺莎神迹观的批判及其启示

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:58

本文选题：施特劳斯 + 斯宾诺莎　；参考：《江西社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：斯宾诺莎的宗教批判集中在《神学—政治论》一书中,该书旨在祛除神学成见,为哲学体系的构建扫除思想障碍。为了达到这一目的,斯宾诺莎从《圣经》出发,采取了实证性的批判和语文学、历史研究的方法论原则。在《神学—政治论》中,斯宾诺莎一方面批判《圣经》中的神迹教诲缺乏实证论的共识原则,体现了古代犹太民族的成见;另一方面质疑创世论、神意说和神迹说之间的相互证成。斯宾诺莎神迹批判的局限在于:他以理性充分自足的假定为前提,没有充分考虑全盘拒斥理性的新教信仰立场,因而未能触动并有效驳斥加尔文派的神迹学说。因此,从"耶—雅冲突"的视角看,启蒙运动对宗教神学的胜利本质上是一种道德态度上的胜利,文学和修辞上的讥讽与嘲笑发挥了关键作用。施氏著述的现实意义在于,他为之殚精竭虑的思想处境在很大程度上仍是我们在当下中国的处境,因此跟随他一起思考有助于我们理解这个时代的一些核心问题。
[Abstract]:Spinoza's religious criticism is concentrated in Theology-Politics, which aims to remove theological stereotypes and remove ideological barriers to the construction of philosophical systems. In order to achieve this goal, Spinoza, starting from the Bible, adopts the principles of positive criticism and methodology of literary and historical studies. In Theology and Politics, Spinoza, on the one hand, criticizes the principle of consensus on the lack of positivism in the teaching of miracles in the Bible, which embodies the prejudices of the ancient Jewish people; on the other hand, questions creationism. The mutual testimony between the theory of deity and the doctrine of miracles. The limitation of Spinoza's critique of miracles lies in his failure to touch and effectively refute the Calvinist miracle doctrine because of his premise of full self-sufficiency of reason and his failure to take full account of his position of rejection of rational Protestantism. Therefore, from the point of view of "Yayya conflict", the victory of the Enlightenment over religious theology is essentially a victory in moral attitude, and satire and ridicule in literature and rhetoric play a key role. The practical significance of Shi's writings is that the ideological situation for which he has worked hard is still, to a large extent, our present situation in China, so following him together helps us to understand some of the core issues of this era.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;江苏师范大学哲学与公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“列奥·施特劳斯犹太思想研究”(13CZX061) 第59批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2016M591610)
【分类号】：B978

【相似文献】