信仰与教化之间:元明清文昌神附祀庙学的原因

发布时间：2018-07-03 07:02

本文选题：信仰 + 教化　；参考：《云南社会科学》2016年06期

【摘要】：文昌信仰有两种不同的指向,一种指向文昌星神信仰,一种指向文昌帝君。文昌星神兼具司命、司禄、理文绪之职,秦汉时期司命之职凸显,概与人们对于天命的信仰有关。文昌帝君的原型是梓潼神,从最初的民间自然神发展到人神,从对人神散发英勇之气的武魄的崇拜发展到寄托人们对文武双全的人神崇拜,再发展到对注重文职的人神崇拜。元时受道教的影响,文昌帝君是在吸纳文昌星神信仰的基础上,结合社会发展变化而形成的。其神职扩大,且主文运的职能凸显,因此被附祀庙学。元明清出现的文昌神更多指向融合了文昌星神的文昌帝君。元明清时期,在庙学祭祀文昌神大略有三种原因:其一,文昌神附祀庙学可以弥补庙学祭祀神圣性的不足;其二,文昌神附祀庙学可以刺激因儒学不兴、科举荒废而导致的缺乏人才的教育的发展;其三,文昌神附祀庙学有助于国家兴盛,社会和谐。从元明清文昌神附祀庙学可以看出信仰与教化之间的关系:通过信仰发展教育,刺激人们参加科举;信仰内容本身就是一种教化;教化是信仰传播的途径与手段。
[Abstract]:Wenchang belief has two different directions, one to Wenchang Star God belief, the other to Wenchang Emperor. Wenchang Star God, Si Lu, Li Wenxu, Qin and Han dynasties, the role of the command of the prominent, all related to people's faith in the destiny. The archetype of Emperor Wenchang is Zitong God, from the folk natural god to the human god, from the worship of the heroic spirit of the human god to the worship of the deity of the man and the spirit of the people, and then to the worship of the god who pays attention to the civilian. Influenced by Taoism in Yuan Dynasty, the emperor of Wenchang was formed on the basis of absorbing the belief of Star God in Wenchang and combining with the social development and change. Its shrine expanded, and the main function of Wenyun prominent, so was attached to the temple. The Wenchang gods in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties more pointed to the Emperor Wenchang, who combined the stars of Wenchang. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three reasons for offering sacrifices to Wenchang gods in temple study: first, the temple study of Wenchang god worship could make up for the deficiency of the sacredness of temple worship; second, Wenchang god worship temple study could stimulate the unpopularity of Confucianism. The dereliction of imperial examination leads to the lack of talent education; third, the study of the temple of worship of Wenchang god is helpful to the prosperity of the country and the harmony of the society. The relationship between belief and enlightenment can be seen from the temple theory of worship in Wenchang in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. It can stimulate people to participate in the imperial examination through the development of faith education; the content of belief itself is a kind of enlightenment; and enlightenment is the way and means to spread belief.
【作者单位】：山西师范大学教育学院;山西师范大学山西基础教育质量提升协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(项目号:16BZJ042) 教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(项目号:12YJCZH131) 山西社科联重点课题(项目号:SSKLZDKT2016079)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B959

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