麦积山石窟第4窟研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 20:28

本文选题：麦积山第4窟 + 北周佛教　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：麦积山石窟第4窟,是麦积山最大的洞窟和北朝建筑遗存,是北周李充信为其祖父所开凿的私家功德窟,将七佛及弥勒信仰与传统孝道相结合,表达对亡去亲人的纪念和往生净土的祈愿。在统治者的推崇下,北周佛教广泛吸收、借鉴东魏北齐以及南朝佛教中的流行元素,佛教兴盛。通过糅合创新,长安这一佛教中心,对周边区域产生了直接的辐射影响,麦积山所处的秦州地区首当其冲。麦积山石窟是秦州佛教中心,作为北方最重要的石窟寺之一,迎来了继北魏、西魏之后,又一大的发展期,开窟造像再掀高潮,第4窟就是麦积山北周洞窟的集大成之作和代表窟龛。以李充信为代表的陇西李氏一支,作为秦州大族,通过与宇文导联姻以及参与到府兵制的军功晋级等方式方法,巩固和提升了家族政治和经济地位,从而有实力去营造第4窟这种耗费巨大、旷日持久的工程,庾信受李充信邀请登临麦积山后,为该窟所作的《秦州天水郡麦积崖佛龛铭并序》一文,成为第4窟最好的注解。麦积山第4窟是一个原创性洞窟,具有里程碑式意义,通过对长安、邺城、洛阳及南方等区域佛教经典、图像粉本、建筑组合等的吸收和创新,对秦州及麦积山佛教产生了深远影响,其兼容并蓄的特点具有重要的启示意义。第4窟作为麦积山这一佛教圣地中的“说法之堂”和“天宫”所在,在具有了人为赋予的神圣性后,成为了娑婆世界可供人们参拜的人间净土。第4窟和其附属建筑的完成,标志着麦积山佛教圣地构建的成功。随着性质和功能的变化,第4窟成为麦积山宗教活动的中心道场,自隋唐至明清,代有重修,是麦积山北周以降佛教发展的浓缩。
[Abstract]:The fourth Cave of Maijishan Grottoes is the largest cave in Maijishan and the architectural remains of the Northern Dynasty. It is a private Grottoes carved by Li Chongxin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty for his grandfather, combining the seven Buddhas and Maitreya beliefs with the traditional filial piety. Express the wish for the memory of the dead and the Pure Land of death. Under the praise of the rulers, Buddhism in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was widely absorbed, drawing lessons from the popular elements of Buddhism in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties and the Southern Dynasty. By blending and innovating, Changan, a Buddhist center, had a direct radiation impact on the surrounding areas, with the Qinzhou region in Maiji Mountain bearing the brunt. Mai Jishan Grottoes are the Buddhist center of Qinzhou. As one of the most important grotto temples in the north, it ushered in another period of development after the Northern Wei and Western Wei dynasties. The fourth Grottoes are the representative grottoes of the Northern Zhou Grottoes in Maiji Mountain. The Li family of Longxi, represented by Li Chong Xin, as a major clan of Qinzhou, consolidated and promoted the political and economic status of the family through marriage with Yuwen and the promotion of military achievements to the military system. Thus has the strength to build the 4th Grottoes this kind of huge cost, the protracted project, Yu Xin is invited by Li Chong Xin to visit the Maiji Mountain, for this grotto "Qinzhou Tianshui County Maiji Cliff Buddha niche inscription and preface" one article, becomes the 4th Grottoes best annotation. The 4th Cave of Maiji Mountain is an original cave with landmark significance. It has absorbed and innovated the Buddhist classics, images and architectural combinations of Changan, Yecheng, Luoyang and the South, etc. It has a profound influence on the Buddhism of Qinzhou and Maijishan, and its inclusive character has important enlightenment significance. Cave 4, as the "Hall of explanation" and "Temple of Heaven" in Maiji Mountain, has become a pure land for people to visit in the world of Saha after it has been endowed with the sanctity of man. The completion of the 4th Cave and its affiliated buildings marks the success of the construction of the Mai Jishan Buddhist Holy Land. With the change of nature and function, Cave 4 became the center of Mai Jishan religious activities. From the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was rebuilt and concentrated in the development of Buddhism in the Northern Zhou Dynasty of Maiji Mountain.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.24

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