对杂糅性日本稻荷信仰的跨学科研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 07:13
【摘要】：日本社会一方面表现出其高度现代化、城市化、信息化、高科技化、流行化,另一方面又潜存着对传统文化的执着。而这种看似“矛盾”的存在实际上恰恰符合日本人的国民性。神社与日本民众的成长仪礼、农事劳作、岁时节日都有着密不可分的关系,民间信仰作为民众思想的体现,是了解一国、一民族、一地思想文化的一面镜子。 稻荷信仰是日本民族最普遍、最朴素的代表性民间信仰之一,其信者遍及日本全国,至今仍在影响着日本人的日常生活和价值取向。稻荷信仰发源于原始宗教的自然崇拜、祖先崇拜,在其发展过程中又和神道教和佛教等人为宗教相习和,是杂糅性的综合信仰。一方面,稻荷神的本体是狐,来源于农耕社会的山神、田神信仰,又融合了佛教中“三天和合”的福神信仰,寄托了人们对丰收、幸福的美好祈愿。另一方面,本就行为诡异的狐,再加上佛教真言密宗的荼吉尼天信仰,稻荷神又表现出亦正亦邪、善恶不分、以怨抱怨,睚眦必报,略带恶意甚至有点邪恶的宗教性格,从中也许可以管窥到日本民众的精神世界和心灵家园。 据日本史书记载稻荷神是魏国的大臣,稻荷名称起源于秦始皇后代秦氏祭祖的传说,受到中国阴阳五行学说的影响,和我国民间的狐仙信仰密切关联,但是国内对日本稻荷信仰的系统性研究很少,甚至连译介类、知识普及类文章也不多见。日本对稻荷信仰的研究成果丰硕,但是不同学科的侧重点不同,切入方式不同。宗教学从佛教、神道体系入手,着重于对神像性格、宗教参与的分析；历史学从文献史料入手,对起源依据、传播过程、祭祀节日希望给出明确的考证；民俗学则多通过实地考察、多样的个案,旨在阐释稻荷与民众生活间的联系、民众精神世界中的稻荷实态。本文首先对二战后稻荷研究中代表性的著述按照其所属学派、论文发表的先后顺序进行综合述评,列举其主要观点,理清内在的逻辑传承关系,然后再尝试着打破学派的界线和原有的内容体系,选取其共同关心的主要课题,归纳为稻荷信仰的起源、宗教化习和、稻荷信仰的本体和具象、稻荷信仰和生活世界四条主线,对二战后日本稻荷信仰研究的主要理论、方法、成果进行系统的、扼要的梳理,以期能对国内有识者对日本稻荷信仰的理解和研究起到一点补充、参考、启发的作用。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, Japanese society shows its high degree of modernization, urbanization, information, high technology, popular, on the other hand, there is a persistence of traditional culture. But this kind of seemingly "contradictory" existence actually exactly accords with the Japanese national character. The shrine is closely related to the growth ceremony of the Japanese people, the farming work, and the festivals when they are old. As a reflection of the people's thought, folk belief is a mirror of understanding a country, a nation, and a place's ideology and culture. Rice-Dutch belief is one of the most common and simple folk beliefs in Japan. Its believers are all over the country and still affect the daily life and value orientation of Japanese people. The belief of Orchid originated from the natural worship of primitive religion, ancestor worship, and in its development process with Shinto, Buddhism and other people for the religious harmony, is a hybrid of the comprehensive beliefs. On the one hand, the Noumenon of the god of rice is fox, which comes from the mountain god and the belief of the god of farmland in the farming society. It also integrates the belief of "three days and harmony" in Buddhism, and assigns people's good wishes for harvest and happiness. On the other hand, with the strange behavior of foxes, coupled with the Buddhist faith in the true words of the Tantra Rakinidan, the God of Rice also shows a religious character of good and evil, without distinction between good and evil, complaining, vindictive, slightly malevolent or even a little evil. It may be possible to see the spiritual world and spiritual homeland of the Japanese people. According to the Japanese history books, the god of rice lotus is the minister of Wei. The name of rice lotus originated from the legend of Qin's ancestor worship of Qin Shihuang descendant. It was influenced by the theory of the five elements of yin and yang in China and was closely related to the folk belief of fox immortals in our country. However, there are few systematic studies on the belief of Japanese rice and Dutch in China, even translation and introduction, knowledge popularization are rare. The research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan is fruitful, but the emphasis of different disciplines is different and the way of entry is different. The religious education starts with Buddhism, Shinto system, focusing on the analysis of the character of the gods and religious participation, the history from the historical materials, the origin of the basis, the dissemination process, the hope of sacrificial festivals to give a clear textual research; Folklore mainly through field visits, a variety of cases, aimed at explaining the relationship between rice and people's life, the reality of rice in the people's spiritual world. In this paper, the representative works in the study of rice and lotus after World War II are reviewed comprehensively according to their school of thought, the order in which the papers are published, their main viewpoints are listed, and the inherent logical inheritance relationship is clarified. Then try to break the boundaries of the school and the original content system, select its common concern of the main topics, summed up into the origin of the belief in rice, religious practice and, the Noumenon and embodiment of the belief, the belief in rice and the world of life four main lines. The main theories, methods and achievements of the research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan after World War II are systematically and concisely combed in order to supplement, reference and enlighten the understanding and study of the belief of the Japanese rice and Dutch in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B933;K893.13
[Abstract]:On the one hand, Japanese society shows its high degree of modernization, urbanization, information, high technology, popular, on the other hand, there is a persistence of traditional culture. But this kind of seemingly "contradictory" existence actually exactly accords with the Japanese national character. The shrine is closely related to the growth ceremony of the Japanese people, the farming work, and the festivals when they are old. As a reflection of the people's thought, folk belief is a mirror of understanding a country, a nation, and a place's ideology and culture. Rice-Dutch belief is one of the most common and simple folk beliefs in Japan. Its believers are all over the country and still affect the daily life and value orientation of Japanese people. The belief of Orchid originated from the natural worship of primitive religion, ancestor worship, and in its development process with Shinto, Buddhism and other people for the religious harmony, is a hybrid of the comprehensive beliefs. On the one hand, the Noumenon of the god of rice is fox, which comes from the mountain god and the belief of the god of farmland in the farming society. It also integrates the belief of "three days and harmony" in Buddhism, and assigns people's good wishes for harvest and happiness. On the other hand, with the strange behavior of foxes, coupled with the Buddhist faith in the true words of the Tantra Rakinidan, the God of Rice also shows a religious character of good and evil, without distinction between good and evil, complaining, vindictive, slightly malevolent or even a little evil. It may be possible to see the spiritual world and spiritual homeland of the Japanese people. According to the Japanese history books, the god of rice lotus is the minister of Wei. The name of rice lotus originated from the legend of Qin's ancestor worship of Qin Shihuang descendant. It was influenced by the theory of the five elements of yin and yang in China and was closely related to the folk belief of fox immortals in our country. However, there are few systematic studies on the belief of Japanese rice and Dutch in China, even translation and introduction, knowledge popularization are rare. The research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan is fruitful, but the emphasis of different disciplines is different and the way of entry is different. The religious education starts with Buddhism, Shinto system, focusing on the analysis of the character of the gods and religious participation, the history from the historical materials, the origin of the basis, the dissemination process, the hope of sacrificial festivals to give a clear textual research; Folklore mainly through field visits, a variety of cases, aimed at explaining the relationship between rice and people's life, the reality of rice in the people's spiritual world. In this paper, the representative works in the study of rice and lotus after World War II are reviewed comprehensively according to their school of thought, the order in which the papers are published, their main viewpoints are listed, and the inherent logical inheritance relationship is clarified. Then try to break the boundaries of the school and the original content system, select its common concern of the main topics, summed up into the origin of the belief in rice, religious practice and, the Noumenon and embodiment of the belief, the belief in rice and the world of life four main lines. The main theories, methods and achievements of the research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan after World War II are systematically and concisely combed in order to supplement, reference and enlighten the understanding and study of the belief of the Japanese rice and Dutch in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B933;K893.13
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