民国时期东北汉族民间信仰研究（1912-1931）
发布时间：2018-08-03 22:08
【摘要】：民间信仰作为传统文化的一部分,是一定区域内自然、经济、政治和文化的折射镜。作为社会意识形态的一种表现形式,民国时期东北地区汉族的民间信仰反映了当时东北地区的自然资源、政治状况、经济形势、民族特点以及宗教状况。本文以民国东北地区汉族民间信仰为研究对象重点考察了国民政府对东北地区汉族民间信仰的管控,以及汉族民间信仰如何调整自身以应对国体的变更和西方文化的冲击。通过对民间信仰的界定,本文认为民国时期汉族的民间信仰既有盲目迷信的内容,又有传统俗信的成份,它不同于有组织,有戒律的制度型宗教,它像分子一样弥散在汉族民众日常生活的各个环节中。从岁时节庆到婚丧嫁娶,从生产经营到消费娱乐,汉族民众都以各种形式的祈福禳灾活动,对生活施加影响,以求达到趋吉避祸的美好愿望。在这些民间信仰活动中,有些是对传统习俗信仰的继承,而有些则因其盲目的迷信对汉族民众的生命财产造成了威胁。伴随着民国时期共和国体的建立,科学和民主称为社会文化宣传的主流呼声。而民间信仰因其在形式上与迷信界限的模糊而被冠以“愚昧”和“迷信”称号,成为新文化精英批判和政府管理的重要对像。国民政府利用东北地方政府的力量运用了法律、教育、改良、行政等多种手段对东北汉族民间信仰实施管控。在管控的过程中,东北地方政府出于地方利益对汉族民间信仰的不同内容分别采取了禁止、取缔、利用或支持的多种方式,加之地方官员在政令执行中的消极和混乱,造成了国民政府对东北汉族民间信仰管控成效甚微的局面。东北汉族民间信仰是东北地区汉族移民与原始土著民族文化融合的产物,它既源于关内的民间信仰又吸收了满族和萨满教的文化内容,具有自身的特殊性。在民国时期的东北社会中,民间信仰在加强社会教化、稳定社会心理、促进社区整合、繁荣社会经济、丰富社会文化方面有着不可替代的作用,但是也必须承认,倘若民间信仰发展到盲目崇拜或狂热迷信的程度时便会被别有用心之人所利用,进而对民众的生命财产、对社区的治安环境甚至社会的安定团结造成威胁。以史为鉴,清晰的认识和了解民间信仰在东北地区的社会发展中的作用,努力地消除和避免其消极成份的危险,正确的引导,积极的保护,让民族文化的生命之花常开不败才是本文研究的最终目的。
[Abstract]:As a part of traditional culture, folk belief is the mirror of nature, economy, politics and culture in certain region. As a form of social ideology, the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China reflected the natural resources, political situation, economic situation, national characteristics and religious status of the Northeast region at that time. This paper focuses on the study of Han folk beliefs in the Northeast of the Republic of China and how the national government controls the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China, and how the folk beliefs of the Han nationality adjust themselves to cope with the changes of the national system and the impact of western culture. Through the definition of folk belief, this paper holds that the folk belief of Han nationality in the period of the Republic of China has not only the content of blind superstition, but also the component of traditional popular belief, which is different from the systematic religion of organized and disciplined. It diffuses like a molecule in every aspect of the daily life of the Han people. From the age of festival to marriage and funeral, from production and management to consumption and entertainment, the Han people all exert influence on their life with various forms of praying for disaster, in order to achieve the good wish of seeking good fortune and avoiding disaster. Some of these folk beliefs are inherited from traditional customs and beliefs, while others threaten the lives and property of Han people because of their blind superstitions. With the establishment of the Republic of China, science and democracy is the mainstream voice of social and cultural propaganda. However, folk beliefs are called "ignorance" and "superstition" because of their blur in form and superstition, which has become an important target for the criticism of the new cultural elite and the administration of the government. The national government used the power of northeast local government to control the folk beliefs of Han nationality in Northeast China by law, education, improvement, administration and so on. In the process of control and control, local governments in Northeast China, out of local interests, have adopted various ways to prohibit, ban, use or support the different contents of Han people's folk beliefs, in addition to the negativity and confusion of local officials in the execution of government orders. Caused the national government to the Northeast Han folk belief control and control of the situation of little effect. The folk belief of the Han nationality in Northeast China is the product of the integration of the cultures of the Han immigrants and the primitive indigenous peoples in Northeast China. It not only derives from the folk beliefs in Guanai, but also absorbs the cultural contents of Manchu and Shamanism, and has its own particularity. In the northeast society of the Republic of China, folk beliefs played an irreplaceable role in strengthening social education, stabilizing social psychology, promoting community integration, prospering social economy and enriching social culture. If the folk belief develops to the degree of blind worship or fanatical superstition, it will be used by the people with ulterior motives, which will threaten the people's life and property, the public security environment and even the social stability and unity. Learn from history, clearly understand and understand the role of folk faith in the social development of the Northeast region, strive to eliminate and avoid the danger of its negative elements, guide correctly, and actively protect, The ultimate purpose of this paper is to keep the national culture in bloom.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258;B933
，
本文编号：2163137
[Abstract]:As a part of traditional culture, folk belief is the mirror of nature, economy, politics and culture in certain region. As a form of social ideology, the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China reflected the natural resources, political situation, economic situation, national characteristics and religious status of the Northeast region at that time. This paper focuses on the study of Han folk beliefs in the Northeast of the Republic of China and how the national government controls the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China, and how the folk beliefs of the Han nationality adjust themselves to cope with the changes of the national system and the impact of western culture. Through the definition of folk belief, this paper holds that the folk belief of Han nationality in the period of the Republic of China has not only the content of blind superstition, but also the component of traditional popular belief, which is different from the systematic religion of organized and disciplined. It diffuses like a molecule in every aspect of the daily life of the Han people. From the age of festival to marriage and funeral, from production and management to consumption and entertainment, the Han people all exert influence on their life with various forms of praying for disaster, in order to achieve the good wish of seeking good fortune and avoiding disaster. Some of these folk beliefs are inherited from traditional customs and beliefs, while others threaten the lives and property of Han people because of their blind superstitions. With the establishment of the Republic of China, science and democracy is the mainstream voice of social and cultural propaganda. However, folk beliefs are called "ignorance" and "superstition" because of their blur in form and superstition, which has become an important target for the criticism of the new cultural elite and the administration of the government. The national government used the power of northeast local government to control the folk beliefs of Han nationality in Northeast China by law, education, improvement, administration and so on. In the process of control and control, local governments in Northeast China, out of local interests, have adopted various ways to prohibit, ban, use or support the different contents of Han people's folk beliefs, in addition to the negativity and confusion of local officials in the execution of government orders. Caused the national government to the Northeast Han folk belief control and control of the situation of little effect. The folk belief of the Han nationality in Northeast China is the product of the integration of the cultures of the Han immigrants and the primitive indigenous peoples in Northeast China. It not only derives from the folk beliefs in Guanai, but also absorbs the cultural contents of Manchu and Shamanism, and has its own particularity. In the northeast society of the Republic of China, folk beliefs played an irreplaceable role in strengthening social education, stabilizing social psychology, promoting community integration, prospering social economy and enriching social culture. If the folk belief develops to the degree of blind worship or fanatical superstition, it will be used by the people with ulterior motives, which will threaten the people's life and property, the public security environment and even the social stability and unity. Learn from history, clearly understand and understand the role of folk faith in the social development of the Northeast region, strive to eliminate and avoid the danger of its negative elements, guide correctly, and actively protect, The ultimate purpose of this paper is to keep the national culture in bloom.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258;B933
，
本文编号：2163137
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