西方净土信仰与唐人创作研究
发布时间：2018-08-11 14:06
【摘要】：在唐代,西方净土信仰作为终极信仰的优越性被义学大师反复阐释并强化,被僧俗两界普遍认同,被庶民阶层热诚崇奉,并得到了绝大多数唐代统治者的扶持。西方净土信仰在这一时期也更普遍、深入地影响到文人的思想和生活。唐代文人研习佛教理论成为风习,通过与各宗大师的广泛交流,佛学的精深义理已逐渐被他们接受并掌握,并植入到他们的世界观、人生观、审美观之中。这种影响在文学创作的内容和形式上都得到充分、鲜明的体现,佛教遂成为推动文学发展的重要力量之一。唐代文人崇佛的心态比较复杂,其接受西方净土信仰的因缘和途径不同,表现互异。总体来讲,唐代文人的净土信仰思想杂糅不一,复杂多变,与真正的佛教徒有很大的区别。尽管每个人的信仰程度无法用统一的标准去衡量,西方净土信仰已经成为他们日常生活体验的重要组成要素,并逐渐成为其思想的一部分。一旦日常生活中的宗教体验反映到文学创作中,便极易使之带有明显的西方净土烙痕。表现在诗歌中的一个方面就是出现了大量西方净土意象,这使得唐诗显示出比较独特的净土审美特色,提升了唐诗的境界,也强化了唐诗的艺术感染力。很多诗歌都表达出一种净土禅观之后所达到的空灵的觉悟,以及空旷、虚寂的意境,特别类似于净土经典中佛国净土的描绘,及由此带给人的审美感受。有关西方净土的赞文及其它佛教宣唱文学,数量可观,应用极广,对唐代文坛有一定的影响。唐代文人关心佛教者大抵都有写作佛偈、佛赞,归心净土者则创作了大量的西方变画赞、绣像、造像赞。西方净土信仰同样也反映在唐代文人的碑塔铭文创作中,他们常借用净土经典中的语汇和表现手法来描绘寺院的环境,并在创作中表达着自己对净土大德的崇敬及其净土宗教观。西方净土信仰的盛行,不仅影响了唐人诗文创作,也推动了佛教小说的发展。盛行并普及的念佛法门在唐代小说中有突出的表现,西方净土信仰自身的发展进程和变化也被反映在小说创作中,如佛号的称呼从“无量寿”到“阿弥陀”变化。受西方净土信仰影响,唐代小说形成了鲜明的净土理想国的文体模式,小说中对自然环境、社会环境及作品人物的刻画与描写,与净土经典的内容及描述方式有高度的相似之处。唐代小说的这种写作模式也从一个侧面反映了唐人期望超离生死之苦、往生彼岸世界的净土理想。
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, the superiority of the Western Pure Land belief as the ultimate belief was repeatedly explained and strengthened by the scholars of righteousness, generally recognized by the two sects of monks and customs, and enthusiastically worshipped by the commoners, and supported by the overwhelming majority of the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Western Pure Land belief was also more common in this period, deeply influenced the thought and life of literati. Through extensive communication with various masters, the profound righteousness of Buddhism has been gradually accepted and grasped by them, and implanted into their world outlook, outlook on life and aesthetics. This kind of influence has been fully embodied in the content and form of literary creation, and Buddhism has become one of the important forces to promote the development of literature. The mentality of worshiping Buddhism in Tang Dynasty is quite complicated, and its acceptance of Western Pure Land belief is different in reason and way. Generally speaking, the scholars' belief in pure land in Tang Dynasty is a mixture of different, complex and changeable, which is different from the true Buddhists. Although each person's belief level cannot be measured by a unified standard, Western Pure Land belief has become an important component of their daily life experience and has gradually become a part of their thoughts. Once the religious experience in daily life is reflected in literary creation, it is easy to carry a clear Western Pure Land brand mark. One aspect of poetry is the emergence of a large number of Western pure land images, which makes Tang poetry show a relatively unique aesthetic characteristics of the pure land, enhance the realm of Tang poetry, but also strengthen the artistic appeal of Tang poetry. Many poems have expressed a kind of pure land Zen view to achieve the empty consciousness, as well as the empty, empty and silent artistic conception, especially similar to the Pure Land of the Buddha Kingdom in the Pure Land Classics, and bring people the aesthetic feeling. The praises of Western Pure Land and other Buddhist propaganda and singing literature have a considerable number and wide application, and have a certain influence on the literary circles of the Tang Dynasty. The scholars concerned about Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty were mostly composed of Buddhist verse, Buddha praise, and those who returned to the pure land of the heart created a large number of Western paintings, embroidered statues, statues and praises. Western Pure Land belief is also reflected in the Tang Dynasty literati's inscription of the monument, they often use the Pure Land Classical vocabulary and expression techniques to describe the temple environment, In the creation, he expresses his reverence for the great virtue of the Pure Land and his religious view of the Pure Land. The prevalence of Western Pure Land belief not only affected the creation of Tang poetry, but also promoted the development of Buddhist novels. The vogue and popularization of chanting Buddhism has a prominent expression in the novels of the Tang Dynasty, and the development process and changes of the Western Pure Land belief itself are also reflected in the novel creation, such as the change of the name of Buddha from "unlimited longevity" to "Amitabha". Influenced by the belief of the Western Pure Land, the novels of the Tang Dynasty formed the style pattern of the ideal country of the Pure Land, the depiction and description of the natural environment, the social environment and the characters of the works in the novels. There is a high similarity with the content and description of the Pure Land Classics. This writing mode of Tang Dynasty novels also reflects the Pure Land ideal of the world of the other shore from the expectation of the Tang people.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I206.2;B948
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, the superiority of the Western Pure Land belief as the ultimate belief was repeatedly explained and strengthened by the scholars of righteousness, generally recognized by the two sects of monks and customs, and enthusiastically worshipped by the commoners, and supported by the overwhelming majority of the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Western Pure Land belief was also more common in this period, deeply influenced the thought and life of literati. Through extensive communication with various masters, the profound righteousness of Buddhism has been gradually accepted and grasped by them, and implanted into their world outlook, outlook on life and aesthetics. This kind of influence has been fully embodied in the content and form of literary creation, and Buddhism has become one of the important forces to promote the development of literature. The mentality of worshiping Buddhism in Tang Dynasty is quite complicated, and its acceptance of Western Pure Land belief is different in reason and way. Generally speaking, the scholars' belief in pure land in Tang Dynasty is a mixture of different, complex and changeable, which is different from the true Buddhists. Although each person's belief level cannot be measured by a unified standard, Western Pure Land belief has become an important component of their daily life experience and has gradually become a part of their thoughts. Once the religious experience in daily life is reflected in literary creation, it is easy to carry a clear Western Pure Land brand mark. One aspect of poetry is the emergence of a large number of Western pure land images, which makes Tang poetry show a relatively unique aesthetic characteristics of the pure land, enhance the realm of Tang poetry, but also strengthen the artistic appeal of Tang poetry. Many poems have expressed a kind of pure land Zen view to achieve the empty consciousness, as well as the empty, empty and silent artistic conception, especially similar to the Pure Land of the Buddha Kingdom in the Pure Land Classics, and bring people the aesthetic feeling. The praises of Western Pure Land and other Buddhist propaganda and singing literature have a considerable number and wide application, and have a certain influence on the literary circles of the Tang Dynasty. The scholars concerned about Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty were mostly composed of Buddhist verse, Buddha praise, and those who returned to the pure land of the heart created a large number of Western paintings, embroidered statues, statues and praises. Western Pure Land belief is also reflected in the Tang Dynasty literati's inscription of the monument, they often use the Pure Land Classical vocabulary and expression techniques to describe the temple environment, In the creation, he expresses his reverence for the great virtue of the Pure Land and his religious view of the Pure Land. The prevalence of Western Pure Land belief not only affected the creation of Tang poetry, but also promoted the development of Buddhist novels. The vogue and popularization of chanting Buddhism has a prominent expression in the novels of the Tang Dynasty, and the development process and changes of the Western Pure Land belief itself are also reflected in the novel creation, such as the change of the name of Buddha from "unlimited longevity" to "Amitabha". Influenced by the belief of the Western Pure Land, the novels of the Tang Dynasty formed the style pattern of the ideal country of the Pure Land, the depiction and description of the natural environment, the social environment and the characters of the works in the novels. There is a high similarity with the content and description of the Pure Land Classics. This writing mode of Tang Dynasty novels also reflects the Pure Land ideal of the world of the other shore from the expectation of the Tang people.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I206.2;B948
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 邓小军;陶渊明与庐山佛教之关系[J];中国文化;2001年Z1期
2 吕o，
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