圣经中的城市
发布时间：2018-08-11 16:31
【摘要】：从城市的角度阅读圣经,圣经也是一部审判、毁灭世俗城市并重建天堂城市的圣书。圣经中的著名城市,有关城市的象征、比喻和启示,不断回响在后世的文学及城市批评中。罪恶之城和天堂之城影响着后世对城市的想象和表现,罪与罚的城市观成为评价现实城市的价值尺度和话语资源。西方强烈的反都市主义思想不只是对自由放任的商业主义、工业革命、现代化和都市化进程的反应,而且可以看作是犹太—基督教中的先知话语模式在现代的再创造。对城市的反思与批判是西方文化的一个传统,而且有着源远流长的宗教根源。1国内对西方的城市批评理论多有借鉴,特别是在当下中国城市面临诸多问题的时刻,巴别塔、巴比伦、所多玛、蛾摩拉等词汇不断被国内的学者所使用,但是仔细考察他们的著述,则发现他们对这些词汇的使用与《圣经》原文有一定的出入,更直接地研究《圣经》中的城市,也许有助于揭开这些古老城市的面纱,本文有意在这方面做一些探索。因为对西方城市批评理论构成话语资源的不在于考古意义上的圣经中的城市,而是圣经作为信仰资源对西方人的生命所造成的影响,所以本文不考虑论述考古意义上的圣经中的城市,也无意于证明基督教信仰的正确与否,只是旨在论述清楚作为文本本身的圣经所阐释的城市的体系。本文采取文本细读的方法对圣经进行文化学解读。全文共分为七章。第一章是引论,主要是关于选题背景,研究的思路、方法、范围和框架以及研究的理论意义和现实意义。第二章是文献综述,全面总结国内外该领域的研究现状及发展趋势,阐述文献资料对学位论文的选题、研究的启示和借鉴意义。第三章是圣经中的城市的概述。该部分论述了圣经中城市的诞生,圣经中城市的内涵。圣经中的城市可以指土地、产业、居民、国家等,城市常常被比喻成女性,主要是从城市和上帝的关系来说的。圣经中的城市分为属世的和属灵的,也分为以色列城市和外邦城市,以色列的城市被称为上帝名下的城市,而外邦的城市则是崇拜偶像,背离上帝标准的城市。到了新约时代,则分为教会和外邦,城市的概念也脱离了特定的地域,变成某种信仰体系。第四章重在论述罪恶之城及其刑罚。罪恶之城的罪恶表现为一种偏离上帝标准的行为和心理,在城市上的表现就是为上帝所厌恶的暴力、淫乱、不公正、欺压穷人、虐待外人等。上帝在惩罚一个城市之前必然会警告这个城市。如果一个城市不悔改,那么上帝必然惩罚。在惩罚罪恶之城的时候,存在一种X型的对比结构,在这个结构当中,罪恶之城见证了义人的义,义人也见证了罪恶之城的罪。本章还提到巴比伦,巴比伦作为历史上的城市是上帝惩罚列国的工具,但是在末后的时代,巴比伦是天下罪恶城市之母,巴比伦的灭亡象征着罪恶最终被完全消除。第五章阐述上帝之城的历时生成及最终降临。在圣经中,从人类犯罪开始,上帝就已经有了一个拯救人类的计划。这个计划是通过层层拣选实现的。上帝从闪族后代中拣选了亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各,又从雅各(也叫以色列)中拣选犹大,从犹大拣选了大卫,又从大卫的后裔中生出耶稣基督,耶稣基督为人类的罪恶死在十字架上,最终完成上帝的救赎计划。在这个过程中,挪亚的方舟、亚伯拉罕所住的帐篷、以色列民族出埃及,上帝给他们颁布律法的旷野,所罗门建造第一圣殿的耶路撒冷、巴比伦之囚后建造的第二圣殿时期的耶路撒冷、耶稣基督、教会也就成了上帝之城的代表。在上帝之城生成的过程中,出埃及时期颁布的律法具有重要的意义,律法让人知道上帝的标准,让人遵照执行,当人类无力遵行律法的时候,律法也就成了见证人无能和罪恶的工具,也使得人盼望上帝的拯救。耶稣基督是上帝之城的建造者也是完成者,耶稣基督用自己在十字架上的死亡赎去了人的罪,他从“死里复活胜过罪恶”使得人不再害怕世界的权势和死亡,他圣洁公义的作为给人作榜样,人因为自己的无力做不到的,耶稣就把他经过试炼的圣灵赐给人类,让人可以靠着他的圣灵过得胜的生活。在他的手里,完成了上帝之城的建造工作。教会在耶稣基督复活之后具有重要的作用,教会最为一种组织和机体,是上帝的帐幕在人间的体现。然而这个世界的教会并不是完成意义上的上帝之城,是已然而未然的。世界上的教会参与了上帝之城的建造,但是上帝之城的完全形态是在耶稣基督第二次再来的时候,除去罪恶,废去天地之后,从天而降的才是真正意义上的上帝之城,也就是新耶路撒冷。第六章论述了罪恶之城和上帝之城之间的关系。旨在阐述虽然罪恶之城多有罪恶,但是他并不能阻止上帝之城的实现,上帝反而借着罪恶之城的罪成就了上帝之城的降临。上帝要从罪恶之城中召唤出上帝之城,体现了普世的救赎计划。第七章是结论。圣经中城市的各个要素是相互联系的,不存在独立的事物。在圣经城市中,信仰具有核心地位,城市的兴衰主要还是看内在信仰的溢出效应。《圣经》中的城市的兴废都体现了上帝的主权、能力。
[Abstract]:Reading the Bible from a city's point of view, the Bible is also a holy book of judgment, destruction of secular cities, and reconstruction of heaven. The famous cities in the Bible, symbols, metaphors, and revelations about cities, echo in later literary and urban criticism. The city of sin and the city of heaven influence the imagination and expression of cities, sin and punishment of future generations. The strong Anti-Urbanism in the West is not only a reaction to laissez-faire commercialism, industrial revolution, modernization and urbanization, but also a recreation of the Jewish-Christian prophetic discourse pattern in modern times. Judgment is a tradition of Western culture and has a long history of religious roots.1 Domestic criticism of Western cities has many lessons to learn, especially at a time when Chinese cities are facing many problems. Babel Tower, Babylon, Sodom, Gomorrah and other words are constantly used by domestic scholars, but carefully examine their writings. It is found that their use of these words is somewhat different from the original text of the Bible. A more direct study of the cities in the Bible may help to unveil these ancient cities. City, but the Bible as a source of faith in the West's life caused by the impact, so this article does not consider the city of the Bible in the sense of archaeology, nor is it intended to prove the correctness of Christian beliefs, but is intended to elaborate clearly as the text of its own biblical interpretation of the city system. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, mainly about the background of the topic, the research ideas, methods, scope and framework, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of the study. Chapter 3 is an overview of cities in the Bible. This section discusses the biblical birth of cities and the connotation of cities in the Bible. Cities in the Bible can refer to land, industry, inhabitants, countries and so on. Cities are often compared to women, mainly from the relationship between cities and God. Cities are divided into earthly and spiritual, and into Israeli cities and foreign cities. Israeli cities are called cities under the name of God, while foreign cities are idolatrous and deviating from God's standards. The fourth chapter focuses on the city of sin and its penalties. The city of sin is manifested in a deviation from God's standards of behavior and psychology. In the city, it is manifested in violence, lewdness, injustice, oppression of the poor, and mistreatment of outsiders, which God dislikes. God must warn a city before punishing it. In punishing the city of sin, there is an X-shaped contrastive structure in which the city of sin witnesses the righteousness of the righteous and the sins of the city of sin. In the age of Babylon, the mother of the world's evil cities, the destruction of Babylon symbolizes the ultimate complete elimination of evil. Chapter 5 describes the diachronic generation and eventual arrival of the City of God. In the Bible, God has a plan to save mankind since the beginning of human crime. This plan is achieved through selection. God from the flash. The descendants of the tribe chose Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah from Jacob (also called Israel), David from Judah, and Jesus Christ from the descendants of David. Jesus Christ died on the cross for the sins of mankind and eventually fulfilled God's redemption plan. In the process, Noah's ark, Abraham's residence The tents of the Israelites, the wilderness of God's law, the Jerusalem where Solomon built the first temple, the Jerusalem where the second temple was built after the prisoners of Babylon, Jesus Christ, and the Church became the representatives of the City of God. Significantly, the law lets people know God's standards and obey them. When humans are unable to obey the law, the law becomes a tool for witnessing incompetence and sin, and makes people look forward to God's salvation. Man's sin, his resurrection from the dead is better than sin, makes man no longer afraid of the world's power and death, his holy and just conduct as an example to people, because of their own inability to do, Jesus gave his tempered Holy Spirit to mankind, so that people can rely on his Holy Spirit to live a life of victory. The church plays an important role after the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The church is the most important organization and body. It is the reflection of God's tabernacle on the earth. However, the Church of this world is not the city of God in the sense of completion, it is not yet. The complete form of God's city is that when Jesus Christ comes back for the second time, after the sin is removed and the heaven and earth are abolished, the city of God, the new Jerusalem, comes down from heaven. Chapter 6 discusses the relationship between the city of sin and the city of God. The purpose is to explain that although the city of sin is full of sin, it is impossible for him to do so. In order to prevent the realization of God's city, God accomplished the coming of God's city through the sin of the city of sin. God summoned God's city from the city of sin, reflecting the universal redemption plan. Chapter 7 is the conclusion. The elements of the city in the Bible are interrelated and there is no independent thing. In the city of Bible, faith has something. The rise and fall of a city depends mainly on the spillover effect of its internal beliefs.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B971
[Abstract]:Reading the Bible from a city's point of view, the Bible is also a holy book of judgment, destruction of secular cities, and reconstruction of heaven. The famous cities in the Bible, symbols, metaphors, and revelations about cities, echo in later literary and urban criticism. The city of sin and the city of heaven influence the imagination and expression of cities, sin and punishment of future generations. The strong Anti-Urbanism in the West is not only a reaction to laissez-faire commercialism, industrial revolution, modernization and urbanization, but also a recreation of the Jewish-Christian prophetic discourse pattern in modern times. Judgment is a tradition of Western culture and has a long history of religious roots.1 Domestic criticism of Western cities has many lessons to learn, especially at a time when Chinese cities are facing many problems. Babel Tower, Babylon, Sodom, Gomorrah and other words are constantly used by domestic scholars, but carefully examine their writings. It is found that their use of these words is somewhat different from the original text of the Bible. A more direct study of the cities in the Bible may help to unveil these ancient cities. City, but the Bible as a source of faith in the West's life caused by the impact, so this article does not consider the city of the Bible in the sense of archaeology, nor is it intended to prove the correctness of Christian beliefs, but is intended to elaborate clearly as the text of its own biblical interpretation of the city system. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, mainly about the background of the topic, the research ideas, methods, scope and framework, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of the study. Chapter 3 is an overview of cities in the Bible. This section discusses the biblical birth of cities and the connotation of cities in the Bible. Cities in the Bible can refer to land, industry, inhabitants, countries and so on. Cities are often compared to women, mainly from the relationship between cities and God. Cities are divided into earthly and spiritual, and into Israeli cities and foreign cities. Israeli cities are called cities under the name of God, while foreign cities are idolatrous and deviating from God's standards. The fourth chapter focuses on the city of sin and its penalties. The city of sin is manifested in a deviation from God's standards of behavior and psychology. In the city, it is manifested in violence, lewdness, injustice, oppression of the poor, and mistreatment of outsiders, which God dislikes. God must warn a city before punishing it. In punishing the city of sin, there is an X-shaped contrastive structure in which the city of sin witnesses the righteousness of the righteous and the sins of the city of sin. In the age of Babylon, the mother of the world's evil cities, the destruction of Babylon symbolizes the ultimate complete elimination of evil. Chapter 5 describes the diachronic generation and eventual arrival of the City of God. In the Bible, God has a plan to save mankind since the beginning of human crime. This plan is achieved through selection. God from the flash. The descendants of the tribe chose Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah from Jacob (also called Israel), David from Judah, and Jesus Christ from the descendants of David. Jesus Christ died on the cross for the sins of mankind and eventually fulfilled God's redemption plan. In the process, Noah's ark, Abraham's residence The tents of the Israelites, the wilderness of God's law, the Jerusalem where Solomon built the first temple, the Jerusalem where the second temple was built after the prisoners of Babylon, Jesus Christ, and the Church became the representatives of the City of God. Significantly, the law lets people know God's standards and obey them. When humans are unable to obey the law, the law becomes a tool for witnessing incompetence and sin, and makes people look forward to God's salvation. Man's sin, his resurrection from the dead is better than sin, makes man no longer afraid of the world's power and death, his holy and just conduct as an example to people, because of their own inability to do, Jesus gave his tempered Holy Spirit to mankind, so that people can rely on his Holy Spirit to live a life of victory. The church plays an important role after the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The church is the most important organization and body. It is the reflection of God's tabernacle on the earth. However, the Church of this world is not the city of God in the sense of completion, it is not yet. The complete form of God's city is that when Jesus Christ comes back for the second time, after the sin is removed and the heaven and earth are abolished, the city of God, the new Jerusalem, comes down from heaven. Chapter 6 discusses the relationship between the city of sin and the city of God. The purpose is to explain that although the city of sin is full of sin, it is impossible for him to do so. In order to prevent the realization of God's city, God accomplished the coming of God's city through the sin of the city of sin. God summoned God's city from the city of sin, reflecting the universal redemption plan. Chapter 7 is the conclusion. The elements of the city in the Bible are interrelated and there is no independent thing. In the city of Bible, faith has something. The rise and fall of a city depends mainly on the spillover effect of its internal beliefs.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B971
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