国家意志与民间信仰的博弈

发布时间：2018-08-14 18:57

【摘要】：中国人信仰“灵魂不灭”的观念,祖先信仰观念经久不衰,祭祖已内化为百姓的日常生活。对百姓而言,坟墓是祖先的家,是离祖先最近的地方,是生者和死者的情感纽带,百姓通过祭祖来攘灾祈福求庇佑。对死者来说,“叶落归根,魂归故里”是对其莫大的安慰,坟墓是祖先的根,是沟通现世的一个窗口。祭祖发展到今天,上坟祭祀也成为当代祭祖的一种主要形式。在新中国成立后,坟墓经受着残酷现实的考验,“平坟运动”一再上演,但坟墓并没有因为国家权力的干预而消失,反而迎来了祭祖的复兴,为何会产生这种结果,带着这个问题,笔者走进辽宁中南部的G村,力图剖开“平坟运动”的面纱,探讨官方意志和和民间信仰的互动和博弈。G村是一个以耕作为主的传统村落,从新中国建立后,坟墓成为国家和百姓的关注焦点,在不同的社会背景下显现出不同的特征。国家虽对民间传统具有控制力,是占统治地位的力量,但民间传统文化面对国家意志的制约,虽偶有衰落却未曾消失。究其根本,坟墓自身生命力的强大是主要原因,国家控制力的强弱并不具有决定性作用,对于民间传统的存在与传承,内在的生命力起决定作用。本文的绪论部分主要阐述选题缘由、研究现状、研究方法,创新和不足以及对田野调查地点G村的背景介绍。第一章对祭祖的起源及其意义进行了阐释,墓地是死者和生者情感联系所在,坟墓也是家庭的一部分,生者和死者丝丝相连、唇齿相依。第二章主要讲述的是田野所在地G村的“平坟”始末,力求揭示出“平坟运动”的全貌。第三章主要描写G村近一二十年的祭祖复兴,强制性“平坟”渐渐退出百姓生活,迎来了祖先祭祀的复兴。祭祖形式愈加丰富的同时,祭祖也被合法化,清明节被写到了国家的法定假日里面。第四章是本文的重点章节,理解和分析官方与民间信仰围绕坟墓进行的博弈。祖先信仰具有根性文化的特征以及强大的生命力,即便原有的经济基础消失,或不具有现实功能,但其精神意义大过于现实需要之时,祭祖文化不会被撼动根基,坟墓不会消失。
[Abstract]:The Chinese people believe in the concept of "immortality of the soul". The concept of ancestor belief has lasted for a long time, and ancestor worship has been internalized into the daily life of the people. "Li" is a great consolation, the grave is the root of the ancestors, is a window to communicate with the world. Today, the development of ancestor worship, grave worship has become a major form of contemporary ancestor worship. After the founding of New China, the grave has withstood the test of cruel reality, "grave movement" repeated, but the grave did not because of the interference of state power and the grave. On the contrary, it ushered in the revival of ancestor worship. With this question, the author went into G village in central and southern Liaoning, trying to dissect the veil of the "Grave Movement" and explore the interaction and game between official will and folk beliefs. Although the state has control over the folk tradition and is the dominant force, the folk traditional culture has occasionally declined but never disappeared under the restriction of the state's will. The first chapter explains the origin and significance of ancestor worship. The graveyard is the emotional connection between the dead and the living, and the grave is also a part of the family. The living and the dead are closely related, and the lips and teeth depend on each other. The tomb gradually withdrew from the people's life and ushered in the revival of ancestral sacrifices. While the forms of ancestral sacrifices became more and more abundant, ancestral sacrifices were legalized. The Qingming Festival was written into the national statutory holidays. The fourth chapter is the focus of this article, to understand and analyze the game between official and folk beliefs around the tomb. Characters and strong vitality, even if the original economic basis disappears, or does not have practical functions, but its spiritual significance is greater than the actual need, ancestor worship culture will not be shaken the foundation, the grave will not disappear.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B933

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