道教神仙思想与魏晋南北朝自然审美观
发布时间：2018-10-30 15:01
【摘要】： 道教是中国原生态的宗教,其核心思想便是神仙思想。对神仙的崇拜是中华民族几千年来的传统信仰。神仙思想反映着中国传统文化世俗精神,代表古人对生命永恒与自由的追求。道教神仙思想对魏晋南北朝时期士人的审美取向、人生理想都有着深刻的影响,自然之物因为与修仙炼道相联系而具有神性的光辉,远离尘嚣、倘佯于自然山水中的生活被视为神仙般的快乐理想生活,自然独立地作为审美对象进入人们的视野。 一方面,道教神仙思想融入到魏晋南北朝时期的文化精神当中。魏晋士人的三次出游:南皮之游、金谷之游和兰亭之游,可以说是此时期自然审美的三个高峰,体现士人对自然态度的转变,以及他们所追求的理想世界的变化。另一方面,道教的修炼方式与自然审美的内涵有着一定的联系。道教认为山林中修道能“远腥膻,得清净”。在山林清静的环境中,修道者对自然的发掘,使山水自然在道教中展示了自身的审美价值。而道教修炼的存思之法又能使宗教修持之道与审美体验之道达到相通。通过存思中想象的作用,修炼者可以与神灵相通,到达世人无法感知的仙境。而对于审美体验而言,其与想象的关系是密不可分的。艺术创作中的构思,也是一种想象,是内心世界被外物所触动时产生的。在自然的审美中,创作者的灵感被触发,思维的想象大门瞬时开启。 而在文学创作方面,博物地理著作中对自然的描写,总是充满着神性和想象性,自然是充满着神物、神话的自然,而自然又是有着仙人、仙境的自然。此时期出现的独特的诗歌形式——游仙诗,更是士人热衷于自然审美的体现。三曹的游仙诗展现了对仙界的幻想,阮籍和嵇康的游仙诗表现着现实与幻想结合的“咏怀”,而郭璞的游仙诗创造了一种“仙隐”的主题。游仙诗是人们用诗歌这一艺术形式来表达因受时间局限而追求生命永恒与自由的产品,也是宗教与艺术完美融合的产物。
[Abstract]:Taoism is the religion of Chinese original ecology, and its core thought is the thought of gods. The worship of immortals is the traditional belief of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. The immortal thought reflects the secular spirit of Chinese traditional culture and represents the ancients' pursuit of eternal life and freedom. Taoist immortals thought has a profound influence on the aesthetic orientation and life ideal of scholars in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. The natural things have a divine brilliance because of their connection with the practice of practicing immortals, and they are far away from the crowd. If the life in the natural landscape is regarded as the fairy happy ideal life, the nature as the aesthetic object enters the people's vision independently. On the one hand, Taoist immortals thought into the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties in the cultural spirit. The three trips of scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties, such as the tour of Nanpi, the tour of Jingu and the tour of Lanting, can be said to be the three peaks of natural aesthetics in this period, which reflect the change of scholars' attitude towards nature and the change of their ideal world. On the other hand, Taoist practice has a certain connection with the connotation of natural aesthetics. Taoism believes that Taoism in the mountains and forests can be "far from the smell of a mutton, pure and clean." In the quiet environment of mountain and forest, Taoist excavates nature, which makes nature show its aesthetic value in Taoism. The method of thinking and thinking of Taoist practice can make the way of religious practice and aesthetic experience interlinked. Through the role of imagination in thinking, the practitioner can communicate with the gods and reach the fairyland that the world cannot perceive. For aesthetic experience, the relationship between it and imagination is inseparable. The conception in artistic creation is also a kind of imagination, when the inner world is touched by the external things. In the aesthetic of nature, the inspiration of the creator is triggered and the gate of imagination is instantly opened. In the aspect of literary creation, the description of nature in the historical geography works is always full of divinity and imagination, nature is full of nature of gods and myths, and nature is the nature of fairy and fairyland. The unique poetic form of this period, the poetry of traveling fairies, is the embodiment of scholars keen on natural aesthetics. Sancao's fairy poems show the fantasy of the world of immortals. The poems of Ruan Ji and Ji Kang show the combination of reality and fantasy, while Guo Pu's poems create a theme of "Immortals and Hidden". The poetry of wandering fairy is the product that people express the eternal life and freedom because of the limitation of time with the artistic form of poetry, and it is also the product of the perfect fusion of religion and art.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B958
本文编号：2300327
[Abstract]:Taoism is the religion of Chinese original ecology, and its core thought is the thought of gods. The worship of immortals is the traditional belief of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. The immortal thought reflects the secular spirit of Chinese traditional culture and represents the ancients' pursuit of eternal life and freedom. Taoist immortals thought has a profound influence on the aesthetic orientation and life ideal of scholars in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. The natural things have a divine brilliance because of their connection with the practice of practicing immortals, and they are far away from the crowd. If the life in the natural landscape is regarded as the fairy happy ideal life, the nature as the aesthetic object enters the people's vision independently. On the one hand, Taoist immortals thought into the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties in the cultural spirit. The three trips of scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties, such as the tour of Nanpi, the tour of Jingu and the tour of Lanting, can be said to be the three peaks of natural aesthetics in this period, which reflect the change of scholars' attitude towards nature and the change of their ideal world. On the other hand, Taoist practice has a certain connection with the connotation of natural aesthetics. Taoism believes that Taoism in the mountains and forests can be "far from the smell of a mutton, pure and clean." In the quiet environment of mountain and forest, Taoist excavates nature, which makes nature show its aesthetic value in Taoism. The method of thinking and thinking of Taoist practice can make the way of religious practice and aesthetic experience interlinked. Through the role of imagination in thinking, the practitioner can communicate with the gods and reach the fairyland that the world cannot perceive. For aesthetic experience, the relationship between it and imagination is inseparable. The conception in artistic creation is also a kind of imagination, when the inner world is touched by the external things. In the aesthetic of nature, the inspiration of the creator is triggered and the gate of imagination is instantly opened. In the aspect of literary creation, the description of nature in the historical geography works is always full of divinity and imagination, nature is full of nature of gods and myths, and nature is the nature of fairy and fairyland. The unique poetic form of this period, the poetry of traveling fairies, is the embodiment of scholars keen on natural aesthetics. Sancao's fairy poems show the fantasy of the world of immortals. The poems of Ruan Ji and Ji Kang show the combination of reality and fantasy, while Guo Pu's poems create a theme of "Immortals and Hidden". The poetry of wandering fairy is the product that people express the eternal life and freedom because of the limitation of time with the artistic form of poetry, and it is also the product of the perfect fusion of religion and art.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B958
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 袁野;曹操、曹植游仙诗与朝鲜李春英游仙诗比较研究[D];延边大学;2012年
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