轴心期前后:“神”的原貌及其分化
发布时间：2018-12-29 07:28
【摘要】：雅斯贝斯说过,在轴心期,"理性和理性地阐明的经验向神话发起一场斗争(理性反对神话),斗争进一步发展为普天归一的上帝之超然存在,反对不存在的恶魔,最后发生了反对诸神不真实形象的伦理的反抗。"然而,雅斯贝斯的上述判断应当说显得过于笼统。事实上是,经过轴心期,古代中国、印度、希腊、犹太呈现出十分不同的神观,或者分道扬镳,或者殊途同归。这包括:(1)中国的宗教信仰最具连续性特征,当然,不只中国,古代埃及和巴比伦也是如此;(2)与中国形成鲜明对比的是,犹太民族的"神"体现了典型的断裂性或突破性特征,并且无比彻底;(3)希腊的情况最初与中国十分接近,即古老传统并没有改变,但之后由于基督教包括犹太教的渗透和传播,又逐渐融入断裂的或即革命的崭新宗教样式;(4)相比之下,印度宗教的演化可能最为复杂:其经历了由传统到断裂,复由断裂再回归传统的过程。总之,轴心时期诸文明的神观各不相同,宗教之路各不相同。雅斯贝斯的论述或观点实际上存在着概念的模糊与混淆,在他这里,神话与神观是几乎不分的,精英与大众是几乎一样的,无神论理性等同于宗教伦理,东西方的神观或宗教看上去完全相同或根本没有差别,而这实际上是将轴心期的作用或意义概念化或夸大化了。
[Abstract]:Jaspers once said that in the axial period, "the rational and rationally stated experience initiates a struggle against mythology (rational opposition to myth), which further develops into the transcendent existence of the universal God, against the evil that does not exist," Finally there was an ethical revolt against the untrue image of the gods. " However, Jaspers's judgment should be said to be too general. In fact, through the axis period, ancient China, India, Greece, and Judaea showed a very different view of God, or parted ways, or in the same way. This includes: (1) China's religious beliefs have the most continuous characteristics, of course, not only China, ancient Egypt and Babylon is the same; (2) in sharp contrast with China, the "God" of the Jewish people embodies the typical characteristics of breakage or breakthrough, and is extremely thorough; (3) the situation in Greece was very close to that of China at first, that is, the ancient tradition had not changed, but later, because of the infiltration and dissemination of Christianity, including Judaism, it gradually merged into the new religious style of rupture or revolution; (4) by contrast, the evolution of Indian religion is probably the most complicated: it goes from tradition to fault, from fault to tradition. In a word, the gods of the civilization in the axis period are different, and the ways of religion are different. In fact, there is ambiguity and confusion of concepts in Jaspers's argument or opinion. In his opinion, mythology and God are almost indistinguishable, elites and masses are almost the same, atheism is equal to religious ethics. The deities or religions of the East and the West appear to be the same or not at all, which is in fact conceptualizing or exaggerating the role or meaning of the Axis period.
【作者单位】： 上海师范大学法政学院哲学与跨文化研究所;
【基金】：上海高校高峰高原学科建设项目成果
【分类号】：B929
本文编号：2394494
[Abstract]:Jaspers once said that in the axial period, "the rational and rationally stated experience initiates a struggle against mythology (rational opposition to myth), which further develops into the transcendent existence of the universal God, against the evil that does not exist," Finally there was an ethical revolt against the untrue image of the gods. " However, Jaspers's judgment should be said to be too general. In fact, through the axis period, ancient China, India, Greece, and Judaea showed a very different view of God, or parted ways, or in the same way. This includes: (1) China's religious beliefs have the most continuous characteristics, of course, not only China, ancient Egypt and Babylon is the same; (2) in sharp contrast with China, the "God" of the Jewish people embodies the typical characteristics of breakage or breakthrough, and is extremely thorough; (3) the situation in Greece was very close to that of China at first, that is, the ancient tradition had not changed, but later, because of the infiltration and dissemination of Christianity, including Judaism, it gradually merged into the new religious style of rupture or revolution; (4) by contrast, the evolution of Indian religion is probably the most complicated: it goes from tradition to fault, from fault to tradition. In a word, the gods of the civilization in the axis period are different, and the ways of religion are different. In fact, there is ambiguity and confusion of concepts in Jaspers's argument or opinion. In his opinion, mythology and God are almost indistinguishable, elites and masses are almost the same, atheism is equal to religious ethics. The deities or religions of the East and the West appear to be the same or not at all, which is in fact conceptualizing or exaggerating the role or meaning of the Axis period.
【作者单位】： 上海师范大学法政学院哲学与跨文化研究所;
【基金】：上海高校高峰高原学科建设项目成果
【分类号】：B929
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