关于当代农民归信基督教动因的研究

发布时间：2018-12-30 13:12

【摘要】：一九八零年代以后,基督教在我国农村社会发展迅速,大批农民皈依基督教。本文作者通过理论研究和个案访谈的方式,对山东省N村归信基督教的农民这些个案按照皈依原因划分为不同的类型,来具体探讨当代农民归信基督教的原因。通过理论研究和实地考察,本文认为,重构由于社会变迁造成的紊乱生活秩序是一九八零年代后农民皈依基督教的重要原因。我国农村社会结构在一九八零年代以后发生了重大的变迁,主要表现在个体社会行动的规范结构方面和社会组织的运行结构方面。这些社会结构上的变迁给农民稳定的生活秩序带来一些紊乱的因素。生活在这一社会情境之下,一些农民在基本的物质生存、情感依归和价值实现方面产生了一系列的问题。这三方面秩序的紊乱造成了农民整体生活秩序的紊乱。根据彼得·伯格的观点,人类社会历史本身就是一个不断追寻稳定秩序的过程。一九八零年代后,中国农村社会变迁使农民生活的正常秩序出现了一定程度的紊乱,农民的生活秩序亟待重建。彼得·伯格认为,宗教就是社会成员用神圣的观点建构世界和秩序。因此,宗教系统具备一种完善的结构,能够成为社会成员建构生活秩序的工具。农民可以利用基督教的武器重建他们自身的生活秩序。根据“宗教俱乐部”模型,任何一个宗教都像一个俱乐部一样能够为成员提供各种类型的资源,信徒皈依的过程是一个理性的、权衡利弊以获取最多资源谋取最大化利益的过程。因此,面对社会结构变迁引起的生活秩序混乱,农民皈依基督教并不只是被动地“被发展”成为基督信徒。作为社会行动者,农民群体具有能动性。农民成为基督信徒是这样的希望：他们在生活困境中希望利用基督教不断重新建构起自身生活的稳定秩序。皈依基督教,他们可以借助基督教这一工具,利用这一系统内的各种类型的资源,解决自身无法在现有社会结构得以解决的问题,最终重新构建起自身稳定的生活秩序。这些农民基督教信徒在应对社会结构变迁带来的秩序紊乱的同时,在重建自身生活的秩序的过程中,完成了对基督教的皈依。
[Abstract]:After 1980 s, Christianity developed rapidly in rural society of our country, a large number of peasants converted to Christianity. By means of theoretical research and case interviews, the author discusses the reasons for the conversion of modern peasants to Christianity by dividing these cases into different types according to the reasons of conversion in N Village of Shandong Province. Through theoretical research and field investigation, this paper holds that reconstructing the disorder of life caused by social changes is an important reason for peasants' conversion to Christianity after the 1980s. The rural social structure in China has undergone great changes since the 1980s, mainly in the normative structure of individual social action and the operational structure of social organization. These changes in the social structure of farmers to bring some stable order of life disorder factors. Living in this social situation, some farmers have a series of problems in basic material survival, emotional attachment and value realization. These three aspects of the disorder of order caused the disorder of the overall order of life of farmers. According to Peter Berg, the history of human society itself is a process of constant pursuit of stable order. Since 1980's, the normal order of peasants' life has been disturbed by the social changes in rural China, and the order of peasants' life needs to be rebuilt. According to Peter Berg, religion is the construction of the world and order by members of society from a sacred point of view. Therefore, the religious system has a perfect structure and can become a tool for social members to construct order of life. Farmers can use Christian weapons to rebuild their own order of life. According to the "religious club" model, any religion can provide all kinds of resources to its members like a club, and the process of conversion is a rational one. The process of balancing the pros and cons in order to maximize the benefits of the most resources. Therefore, in the face of the disorder of life caused by the change of social structure, the conversion of peasants to Christianity is not only passively "developed" to become a Christian believer. As social actors, peasant groups are active. The hope of farmers becoming Christians is that they use Christianity to re-establish a stable order in their lives. To convert to Christianity, they can use Christianity as a tool, use all kinds of resources in this system, solve the problems that they can not solve in the existing social structure, and finally rebuild their own stable order of life. While dealing with the disorder of order brought about by the change of social structure, these peasants' Christian believers completed their conversion to Christianity in the process of rebuilding the order of their own life.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B978

【参考文献】