两晋时期民间信仰研究
发布时间：2018-12-30 16:22
【摘要】：民间信仰是流行于民间的精神信仰。它与民间宗教既有联系又有区别,它们之间没有明显的界限,却又不能将两者等同。就两晋时期的民间信仰而言,它在继承了前代信仰的基础上,也有其独特的内涵。干宝的《搜神记》作为两晋时期志怪小说的翘楚之作,是一本记载各种鬼神精怪故事的小说集,内容不仅涉及长生不老、祥瑞征兆,而且还有善恶报应、人神鬼妖的恋爱交通等,反映了社会百态、人情世故,对研究两晋时期民众的精神信仰具有重要意义。两晋时期的社会大环境对民间信仰产生重要影响。两晋时期从司马氏取代曹魏政权建立西晋,至刘宋政权建立,共跨越了150年的时段,社会环境比较复杂。这一时期,由于频繁的自然灾害,激烈的社会动荡,艰难困苦的社会环境,使生活在痛苦中的广大民众,将对美好生活的向往寄托于虚无的精神信仰,对民间信仰产生了重要影响。而两晋时期的社会文化环境比较开放,发展变化很快,儒学的衰落,玄学的兴起,佛道两教的发展,也对民间信仰产生了重要的影响。两晋时期的民间信仰包含有许多内容。民间信仰是民众对一些自然现象及社会问题出于不理解、恐惧或某种强烈的愿望、要求时产生的心里观念,其核心是万物有灵。这种朴素的观念创造了超自然的神灵崇拜及神话故事,使民间信仰包含许多内容,但主要分为三大类。一类是自然物信仰,这里又分为植物信仰、动物信仰、星辰信仰三小类;第二类是人物崇拜,这里又分为名人崇拜、普通人物崇拜两小类;第三类是神鬼信仰,这里又分为神灵信仰、鬼怪信仰两小类。两晋时期的民间信仰也折射出一些思想观念。由于两晋时期民间信仰比较繁杂,体现在民众的思想观念上,有许多独特之处,尤其是民间信仰所反映的民众的生死观、狐妖观、婚恋观。两晋时期民众的生死观主要体现在长寿观、死而复生观、预知生死观三个方面;民众的狐妖观主要体现在狐妖能预知吉凶祸福及它的学识观、害人观三个方面;而民众的婚恋观主要体现在人与神、鬼、妖婚恋观的三个方面,这对研究两晋时期民间信仰的独特内涵有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Folk belief is popular in the folk spiritual belief. It has connection and difference with folk religion, there is no obvious boundary between them, but it can't equate the two. As far as folk belief in the Jin Dynasty is concerned, it has its unique connotation on the basis of inheriting the previous beliefs. Gan Bao's "Sou Shen Ji", as a masterpiece of the novels of the Ming Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, is a collection of stories about various ghosts and gods, which not only involve immortality, auspicious omens, but also good and evil retribution. The love traffic of the human spirit and demon reflects the social variety and the world complexity, which is of great significance to the study of the spiritual beliefs of the people in the Jin Dynasty. The social environment in the Jin Dynasty had an important impact on folk beliefs. In the period of Jin Dynasty, Sima replaced the regime of Cao Wei to establish the Western Jin Dynasty and the regime of Liu Song Dynasty, which span 150 years, and the social environment was quite complex. During this period, due to frequent natural disasters, intense social unrest, and a difficult social environment, the vast number of people living in pain and suffering placed their yearning for a better life on the spiritual faith of nothingness. It has had an important impact on folk beliefs. However, the social and cultural environment in the Jin Dynasty was relatively open, with rapid development and change, the decline of Confucianism, the rise of metaphysics and the development of Buddhism and Taoism, which also had an important impact on folk beliefs. The folk beliefs of the Jin Dynasty contain many contents. Folk belief is a kind of mental concept produced when people do not understand, fear or some kind of strong desire for some natural phenomena and social problems, the core of which is the animism of all things. This simple idea created supernatural worship of gods and mythological stories, which made folk beliefs contain many contents, but mainly divided into three categories. One is the belief of natural objects, which is divided into plant belief, animal belief and star belief, the second is character worship, which is divided into celebrity worship and ordinary character worship. The third category is the belief of gods and ghosts, which is divided into two small categories: the belief of gods and spirits and the belief of ghosts and monsters. The folk belief in the Jin Dynasty also reflects some ideas. Because the folk belief in the Jin Dynasty is complicated and embodied in the people's ideology, there are many unique points, especially the people's view of life and death, fox and evil, marriage and love reflected by the folk belief. The view of life and death of the people in the Jin Dynasty is mainly embodied in three aspects: the view of longevity, the view of coming back from death, the view of life and death, the view of fox evil among the people, the view of knowledge, the view of harm, the view of knowledge, and the view of harm; The popular view of love and marriage is mainly embodied in the three aspects of the concept of marriage and love between man and God, ghost and demon, which plays an important role in the study of the unique connotation of folk beliefs in the Jin Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K237;B933
本文编号：2395818
[Abstract]:Folk belief is popular in the folk spiritual belief. It has connection and difference with folk religion, there is no obvious boundary between them, but it can't equate the two. As far as folk belief in the Jin Dynasty is concerned, it has its unique connotation on the basis of inheriting the previous beliefs. Gan Bao's "Sou Shen Ji", as a masterpiece of the novels of the Ming Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, is a collection of stories about various ghosts and gods, which not only involve immortality, auspicious omens, but also good and evil retribution. The love traffic of the human spirit and demon reflects the social variety and the world complexity, which is of great significance to the study of the spiritual beliefs of the people in the Jin Dynasty. The social environment in the Jin Dynasty had an important impact on folk beliefs. In the period of Jin Dynasty, Sima replaced the regime of Cao Wei to establish the Western Jin Dynasty and the regime of Liu Song Dynasty, which span 150 years, and the social environment was quite complex. During this period, due to frequent natural disasters, intense social unrest, and a difficult social environment, the vast number of people living in pain and suffering placed their yearning for a better life on the spiritual faith of nothingness. It has had an important impact on folk beliefs. However, the social and cultural environment in the Jin Dynasty was relatively open, with rapid development and change, the decline of Confucianism, the rise of metaphysics and the development of Buddhism and Taoism, which also had an important impact on folk beliefs. The folk beliefs of the Jin Dynasty contain many contents. Folk belief is a kind of mental concept produced when people do not understand, fear or some kind of strong desire for some natural phenomena and social problems, the core of which is the animism of all things. This simple idea created supernatural worship of gods and mythological stories, which made folk beliefs contain many contents, but mainly divided into three categories. One is the belief of natural objects, which is divided into plant belief, animal belief and star belief, the second is character worship, which is divided into celebrity worship and ordinary character worship. The third category is the belief of gods and ghosts, which is divided into two small categories: the belief of gods and spirits and the belief of ghosts and monsters. The folk belief in the Jin Dynasty also reflects some ideas. Because the folk belief in the Jin Dynasty is complicated and embodied in the people's ideology, there are many unique points, especially the people's view of life and death, fox and evil, marriage and love reflected by the folk belief. The view of life and death of the people in the Jin Dynasty is mainly embodied in three aspects: the view of longevity, the view of coming back from death, the view of life and death, the view of fox evil among the people, the view of knowledge, the view of harm, the view of knowledge, and the view of harm; The popular view of love and marriage is mainly embodied in the three aspects of the concept of marriage and love between man and God, ghost and demon, which plays an important role in the study of the unique connotation of folk beliefs in the Jin Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K237;B933
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