中国信仰天主教儿童个体宗教心理发展特点和影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-02-25 08:02

【摘要】：中国是个有着多种宗教的国家。由于基督教发展历史的复杂性,国内在研究基督教时大多都包括了基督新教和天主教,较少有研究是专门针对天主教徒的,针对信仰天主教儿童宗教心理发展的研究更是少之又少。考虑到天主教教义与新教教义的差别,以及儿童宗教发展研究方法的局限性,本研究主要通过实验和访谈研究的方式,探讨3-12岁中国信仰天主教儿童的个体宗教心理发展的特点和影响因素。本研究沿用王佳琦(2013)对于宗教性的定义和结构,选取天主信仰、超然体验、制度性参与三个方面进行实验研究,选取价值追求进行访谈研究。其中,天主信仰是宗教的认知因素,超然体验是宗教的情感因素,制度性参与是宗教的意志行为因素；价值追求是宗教的人格动力因素。笔者针对3-12岁儿童的年龄特点,利用视频、音频、图片等实验材料,创设适合儿童的宗教文化情境,并制定最高评分标准,以专家评定的方式进行评分。研究采用n(任务)×5(年龄：3岁组、5岁组、7岁组、9岁组、11岁组)×2(性别：男、女)三因素混合实验设计。其中任务为被试内变量,年龄和性别为被试间变量,因变量为儿童对宗教文化刺激的反应评定分数。在访谈研究中,主要通过对10名信仰天主教儿童的个别访谈,探索其信仰心理发展的人格动力因素。结果发现： 1.在天主信仰方面,任务和年龄存在主效应。儿童对创物的认知优于对天主、圣母的认知。5岁组与7岁组儿童天主信仰得分存在显著差异,其他相邻年龄组儿童之间无显著差异。 2.在超然体验方面,任务和年龄的交互作用显著。5岁组儿童对天主受难图、圣母像、赞美诗、弥撒的情感体验优于对听读圣经的情感体验,其他任务在年龄组间没有发现显著差异。3岁组与5岁组、5岁组与7岁组在对天主圣心图、天主受难图、赞美诗和弥撒的情感体验中存在显著差异；5岁组与7岁组在圣母像、教堂祈祷和听读圣经的情感体验中,存在显著差异；其他相邻年龄组儿童在不同任务上没有显著差异。 3.在制度性参与方面,任务和年龄的交互作用显著。儿童参与祷告、弥撒或主日学校、听读圣经的频率,普遍高于唱赞美诗、参加宗教聚会的频率。3岁组与5岁组儿童在祷告、弥撒或主日学校的参与频率中存在显著差异,其他相邻年龄组儿童在不同任务上没有发现显著差异；3岁组与11岁组儿童在听读圣经的参与频率中存在显著差异,其他年龄组儿童在不同任务上没有发现显著差异。 4.信仰天主教儿童的价值追求随着年龄增长,存在着从物质追求到精神追求的发展趋势。然而受儿童认知的限制,他们对于一些抽象现象的本质尚不能很好理解。 5.信仰天主教儿童的宗教心理发展,受到家庭信仰、认知水平、宗教场所、信教年限等多种因素的影响。
[Abstract]:China is a country with many religions. Because of the complexity of the history of Christianity, most of the study of Christianity in China included Protestantism and Catholicism. The research on the religious psychological development of Catholic children is even less. Considering the differences between the teachings of Catholicism and Protestantism, as well as the limitations of research methods for the religious development of children, this study has been conducted primarily through experiments and interviews, To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of the individual religious psychological development of Chinese Catholic children aged 3-12 years. This study follows Wang Jiazhi's definition and structure of religion (2013), chooses the belief of God, transcendental experience and institutional participation to carry on the experimental research, and selects the value pursuit to carry on the interview research. Among them, the belief of God is the cognitive factor of religion, transcendental experience is the emotional factor of religion, institutional participation is the factor of religious will, and the pursuit of value is the motive factor of religion's personality. According to the age characteristics of children aged 3-12, the author creates a religious and cultural situation suitable for children by using video, audio, pictures and other experimental materials, and formulates the highest scoring standard, which is evaluated by experts. N (task) 脳 5 (age: 3 years old group, 5 year old group, 7 year old group, 9 year old group, 11 year old group) 脳 2 (sex: male, female) was used. Among them, the tasks were internal variables, age and sex were the variables, and dependent variables were the scores of children's responses to religious and cultural stimuli. In the interview study, 10 Catholic children were interviewed individually to explore the personality dynamic factors of their belief psychological development. The results are as follows: 1. In the belief of God, there is a primary effect on task and age. Children's cognition of creation was better than that of God and Virgin Mary. There was significant difference in the scores of children's belief in God between 5 and 7 years old group, but there was no significant difference between other adjacent age groups. 2. In terms of transcendental experience, the interaction between task and age is significant. The emotional experience of children in the 5-year-old group of children with respect to God's crucifixion, Virgin Mary, hymns, Mass is better than the emotional experience of listening to the Bible. There was no significant difference in other tasks among the age groups. There were significant differences in the emotional experience between the age group 3 years old and the 5 year old group, the 5 year old group and the 7 year old group in the emotional experience of God's holy heart, God's crucifixion, hymns and mass. There were significant differences between the five and seven age groups in the emotional experience of the Virgin Mary, church prayer and Bible reading, but there were no significant differences in different tasks among the children in the other adjacent age groups. 3. In terms of institutional participation, the interaction between task and age is significant. The frequency of children's participation in prayer, mass or Sunday school, listening to the Bible is generally higher than that of singing hymns and religious gatherings. There are significant differences in the frequency of participation in prayer, mass or Sunday school between children aged 3 and 5. No significant difference was found in other adjacent age groups on different tasks. There was significant difference in the frequency of listening and reading the Bible between the children of 3 and 11 years old, but there was no significant difference in different tasks among other age groups. 4. The value pursuit of Catholic children has a tendency from material pursuit to spiritual pursuit with the increase of age. However, due to the limitation of children's cognition, they can not understand the nature of some abstract phenomena. 5. The development of religious psychology of Catholic children is influenced by many factors such as family belief, cognitive level, religious place, religious years and so on.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B920

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