东北民族萨满服饰艺术解构

发布时间：2019-04-12 11:12

【摘要】：本文以萨满服饰为考察对象。从学术领域论,萨满服饰属于“萨满造型艺术”范畴,是近世纪学者们在探索萨满文化过程中,随着学术视野的拓宽,从人类学、艺术学视角提出的概念。萨满服饰是以物质为载体,具有文化象征意义的特殊符号形态。各民族服饰造型在符号化的过程中,既相互渗透,又互有差异。但其实现的功能则基本一致,即体现萨满信仰观念,服务于萨满神事行为。因此,学术界对于萨满服饰研究,经历了由对物化形态的描述到对意识属性的探讨这一过程。本文以历史学、民族学角度对东北民族萨满服饰的形制及演变加以考证,并在此基础上运用象征人类学、艺术人类学等方法,对各民族萨满服饰艺术所具有的符号象征意义、信仰文化内涵、艺术审美特征等方面进行解构,以反观萨满服饰所承载的人类原始文化内涵。本文研究表明,东北民族萨满服饰形制,大体经历了“质料由皮制到布制,佩饰由简省到繁复”的过程。萨满服饰风格的形成,与各民族所处的地域环境、生产方式、制服传统密切相关,并随各方面条件的变化而有所变异。东北民族萨满服饰主要为神帽和神服两部分。本文依萨满神帽制式,将神帽分为鸟式神帽、羽式神帽、角式神帽、冠式神帽四类;萨满神服大致可分为长袍式神服与袖衫式神服两类。萨满披肩并非必备装束,样式极为自如,萨满神裙样式则相对统一,可以说每件装束都具有独特的艺术特色与文化内涵。萨满服饰中存在众多象征符号,被赋予了萨满原始文化内涵。首先,萨满服饰本身即为萨满神界构成的缩影,展现了各民族原始观念对于世界构成形态的认知体系;其次,萨满服饰依托于象征神灵的色彩、造型符号,而具有了某种神圣力量。据此而言,萨满服饰亦是各民族原始灵魂观念的产物,反映了他们万物有灵的认知意识;最后,萨满服饰中的众多造型符号,涉及了萨满原始信仰体系的各个方面,包括自然崇拜、动物崇拜、图腾崇拜与始祖崇拜。
[Abstract]:This article takes shaman dress as the inspection object. From the point of view of academic field, shaman clothing belongs to the category of "shaman plastic arts", which is a concept put forward by scholars in the process of exploring shaman culture in the recent century from the perspective of anthropology and art, along with the widening of academic field of vision. Shaman dress is a special symbol form with cultural symbolism and material as carrier. In the process of symbolization, each ethnic dress model not only permeates each other, but also differs from each other. But its function is basically the same, that is to say, it embodies the idea of shaman belief and serves the acts of shaman divinity. Therefore, the study of shaman clothing has gone through a process from the description of materialized form to the discussion of the attribute of consciousness. From the perspective of history and ethnology, this paper studies the form and evolution of shaman clothing in Northeast China, and on this basis, uses symbolic anthropology, artistic anthropology and other methods to make use of the symbolic significance of the art of shaman clothing of all ethnic groups, and makes use of the methods of symbolic anthropology, artistic anthropology and so on. The connotation of belief culture and aesthetic characteristics of art are deconstructed in order to see the original cultural connotation of human beings in shaman dress. The research in this paper shows that the form system of Shaman clothing in Northeast China has generally experienced the process of "material from leather to cloth and decoration from simplicity to complexity". The formation of shaman dress style is closely related to the regional environment, the mode of production and the tradition of uniform, and varies with the change of various conditions. Northeast nationality shaman dress mainly for the god hat and the god clothing two parts. This paper divides the sacred hat into four types: bird type, feather type, angle type and crown type, and shaman's clothing can be divided into two types: long robe type and sleeve style, respectively, which can be divided into four types: bird type, feather type, angle type and crown type. The shaman clothing can be divided into two types: the long robe type and the sleeve style. Shaman shawl is not a necessary outfit, style is extremely free, shaman dress style is relatively unified, can be said that each dress has unique artistic characteristics and cultural connotation. There are many symbolic symbols in shaman clothing, which is endowed with the original cultural connotation of shaman. First of all, the Shaman dress itself is the epitome of the Shaman Divinity, which shows the cognitive system of the primitive ideas of each nation to the formation of the world. Secondly, shaman clothes rely on symbolizing the color of the gods, modeling symbols, and have some kind of sacred power. On this basis, shaman dress is also the product of the original spirit concept of all nationalities, reflecting their cognitive consciousness of all things have spirit; Finally, many modeling symbols in shaman clothing involve all aspects of shaman's primitive belief system, including natural worship, animal worship, totem worship and ancestor worship.
【学位授予单位】：长春师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B98

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