方东美论中国原始宗教

发布时间：2019-05-09 00:22

【摘要】：方东美以为现存的中国神话资料,如《山海经》《楚辞》,形成于战国,不能据以研究中国原始宗教,而应根据《尚书·洪范》研究中国原始宗教,因为他认为"《洪范》是中国的启示录"。他主要从洪范九畴中的"五行"、"皇极"两畴来研究中国原始宗教。对"五行",他重在揭示"五行"由五材衍变为五大"自然功用神"的过程,以说明中国先民的原始思维,同样是将自己的"直接经验"诉诸于神话形式,"变作自然宗教";对于"皇极",他重在说明:"皇极"可以说是中国先人原始思维的"思想模式",反映了中国先民"品性善良之宗教信仰",既意味着"中国上古宗教含藏一套饶有机体主义精神之宇宙观",也意味着中国先人因敬事仁爱神,故其宗教情绪中不存在"被造物情结"。由此可以看出,中国原始宗教"后面隐藏了一种思想,就是宗教的民主"。
[Abstract]:Fang Dongmei thought that the existing Chinese mythological materials, such as the Chu ci of the Shanhai Classic, were formed in the warring States period and could not be used to study the primitive religion of China, but should study the primitive religion of China according to the Hongfan of Shangshu. Because he thinks "Hong Fan" is China's apocalypse. He studied the Chinese primitive religion mainly from the five elements and the imperial pole in the nine domains of Hong Fan. With regard to "five elements", he focuses on revealing the process of "five elements" changing from five materials to five "natural function gods" in order to illustrate the primitive thinking of the Chinese ancestors. He also resorted his own "direct experience" to the form of myth and "turned into a natural religion". With regard to "Huangji", he focused on explaining that "Huangji" can be said to be the "ideological mode" of the primitive thinking of the Chinese ancestors, reflecting the "religious belief of good character" of the Chinese ancestors. It not only means that the ancient Chinese religion contains a set of cosmic view of the spirit of living organism ", but also means that there is no" created complex "in the religious emotion of the Chinese ancestors because of their respect for the benevolence and love of the gods. From this we can see that China's primitive religion "hidden behind a kind of thought, is religious democracy."
【作者单位】：苏州大学哲学系;江苏经贸职业技术学院继续教育管理处;
【分类号】：B933

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