临在、赦罪与联合浅析马丁路德之圣餐神学

发布时间：2019-05-21 18:32

【摘要】：本文试图在路德"因信称义"的神学基础上,分析路德在1519年至1544年之间所发表的以圣餐为主题的著作,通过进行文本间的分析与归纳,力图把握路德的圣餐神学思想。路德在圣餐神学上的著作内容多是辩论性著作,根据对象不同可分为他与罗马天主教会及其他宗教改革家间的辩论性著作,以及一些圣餐讲章和信条类著作。纵观路德对于圣餐这一话题进行的探讨中,不难发现,他主要对临在、赦罪和联合三方面进行了深入的研究说明。本文则通过对以上三个主题进行文本分析及总结归纳,试图从时间维度和内容维度上分析马丁路德的圣餐神学。笔者在第一章中首先回顾了中世纪圣餐神学的思想概述,试图找出路德圣餐神学的发展背景和基础,以及与奥古斯丁圣餐思想的不同之处。其次,对路德"因信称义"的神学思想做出简要概述,并主要探究其称义思想在宗教实践和礼仪方面的具体表现。在第二章中,笔者将主要介绍路德的圣餐神学在历史维度上是如何发展的。以及在不同的阶段,路德发表了哪些有关圣餐的神学著作、讲章等,试图让读者对路德的圣餐神学有轮廓或结构性的了解。因为路德在不同阶段所面对的辩论对象的不同,所以会使得其文章的侧重点不同,但并非是路德关于圣餐的观点有所变化。因此,这一章旨在通过简洁的历史性陈述,将路德的神学著作做一时间轴上的划分,为后文在分析路德圣餐论中不同神学主题做一铺垫。第三章至第五章则是根据路德圣餐神学的不同主题进行文本分析和梳理,笔者针对真实临在、罪得赦免和圣徒联合三个不同维度的主题,分析路德的圣餐神学在其神学体系中为什么占有如此重要的地位。以及真实临在为什么是路德所必须坚持和秉承的,最后则分析了这三者之间的关系。也就是真实临在与神人和人人间的关系。最后,笔者则是得出路德圣餐神学中的几个重点,即圣餐中的一切都源自于上帝之道、持基督真实临在的圣餐神学实际上就是坚持以基督为中心的神学主张和圣餐就是上帝藉着自我赐予完成神人与人人间的相互关系。并且分析了路德的圣餐神学在历史中的处境和遭遇。
[Abstract]:On the basis of Luther's theology of "justifying by faith", this paper attempts to analyze Luther's works on the theme of the Eucharist published from 1519 to 1544. Through the analysis and induction between the texts, this paper tries to grasp Luther's thought of Eucharist theology. Luther's theological works on the Eucharist are mostly argumentative works, which can be divided into his argumentative works with the Roman Catholic Church and other religious reformers, as well as some communion sermons and creed works according to the object. Throughout Luther's discussion of the Eucharist, it is not difficult to find that he has carried out in-depth research and explanation on the presence, forgiveness of sins and union. Based on the text analysis and summary of the above three topics, this paper attempts to analyze Martin Luther's Eucharist theology from the dimensions of time and content. In the first chapter, the author reviews the ideological overview of medieval sacrament theology, and tries to find a way out for the development background and foundation of German Eucharist theology, as well as the differences from Augustine's thought of Eucharist. Secondly, this paper makes a brief overview of Luther's theological thought of "justifying by faith", and mainly probes into the concrete expression of his thought of justification in religious practice and etiquette. In the second chapter, the author will mainly introduce how Luther's Eucharist theology developed in the historical dimension. And at different stages, Luther published theological works on the Eucharist, preaching chapters, etc., in an attempt to give readers a silhouette or structural understanding of Luther's Eucharist theology. Because Luther faces different subjects of debate at different stages, the focus of his article will be different, but it is not Luther's view of the Eucharist that has changed. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to divide Luther's theological works on a timeline through a concise historical statement, and to pave the way for the following analysis of the different theological themes of Luther's sacrament. The third chapter to the fifth chapter is according to the different themes of Luther Eucharist theology to analyze and sort out the text, the author aims at the theme of three different dimensions: the real presence, the forgiveness of sin and the union of saints. This paper analyzes why Luther's Eucharist theology occupies such an important position in his theological system. And why Luther must adhere to and uphold the real presence, and finally analyzes the relationship between the three. That is, the real relationship with God, man and everyone. Finally, the author draws a few key points in Lutheran Eucharist theology, that is, everything in the Eucharist comes from the word of God. The sacrament theology that holds the true presence of Christ is actually to insist on the Christian-centered theological idea and the sacrament is that God completes the relationship between God and man through his own gift. It also analyzes the situation and experience of Luther's Eucharist theology in history.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B978

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