陶渊明与柏拉图:中西方洞穴喻的分野

发布时间：2019-05-22 11:08

【摘要】：作为人类居住和生活了上百万年之久的场所,洞穴在人类物质文明和精神文明的发展过程中具有重要作用。在中国,洞穴神话较为零散,但人们对洞穴意象关注的历史颇为悠久;道家"洞同天地"思想促进了原始洞穴意象精神意蕴在后世文化中的转化和渗透,在此基础上,人们以洞穴意象为基点,建立了现实与理想、形象与理性相互转化的同一性文化心理结构,洞穴对主体的存在本体价值被凸显出来,陶渊明的《桃花源记》是典型代表。在西方,以地母神崇拜为基础的洞穴神话较为丰富,"洞穴"是古希腊文化中的核心意象之一。随后,人们在以洞穴为基点建立文化思想体系时,洞穴意象的本原性情感价值逐渐被逻辑理性抽空而让位给主体的冥思和玄想,柏拉图的《理想国》是典型代表。这种情况反映出中西方神话乃至艺术和哲学在思维方式和本体论思想等方面的根本差异。
[Abstract]:As a place where human beings have lived and lived for millions of years, caves play an important role in the development of human material civilization and spiritual civilization. In China, cave myths are scattered, but people have a long history of paying attention to cave images. Taoist thought of "cave with heaven and earth" promoted the transformation and infiltration of the spiritual implication of primitive cave image in the culture of later generations. On this basis, people established reality and ideal on the basis of cave image. The identity cultural psychological structure of the mutual transformation between image and reason, the Noumenon value of cave to the subject is highlighted, and Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Source is a typical representative. In the West, the cave myth based on the worship of the Earth Mother God is more abundant, and "cave" is one of the core images in ancient Greek culture. Then, when people establish the cultural thought system on the basis of cave, the original emotional value of cave image is gradually vacated by logical reason to give way to the meditation and metaphysics of the subject. Plato's Republic is a typical representative. This situation reflects the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western mythology and even art and philosophy in the way of thinking and ontology.
【作者单位】：江苏师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：B932

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