德尔图良信仰主义神学认识论研究
发布时间：2019-06-06 00:59
【摘要】：德尔图良是早期基督教著名思想家、拉丁教父的主要代表人物,其对三位一体与耶稣神人二性教义的阐释为后来东西方两个教会的正统教义奠定了基础。在其神学思想体系中放弃了希腊哲学传统的理性主义真理认识论,而在谴责异端使用哲学概念表述基督教真理的同时,他也认为绝对真理只有在超越有限性的启示中才能被人认识,而信仰正是人对自身有限理性的超越。为了不陷入理性思辨的哲学纷争,德尔图良将《圣经》看做是上帝在人类历史中展开救赎的画卷,上帝既是神圣救赎历史的主角,也是人类历史进程的最终决定者。德尔图良提出了明晰的关于三位一体的论述,即父、子、灵都属于一个本质,在历史中显示出三个不同地位,也就是传统的拉丁教派“经世三一”论。“经世三一”论起源于上帝对犹太人的启示,历经福音书阶段耶稣基督的教诲,最终由来自于父和子的灵引导信徒们继续在主的道路上沐浴真理。其信仰主义认识论也由此出发,他认为只有在相信和依靠的基础上接受神和真理的启示才是可行的认知路线,这条认知路线既是真理之路也是基督徒的信仰之路。作为德尔图良信仰主义神学中的一个重要内容,信仰主义认识论有特定的认识对象和独特的认识方式。以对基督的信靠为基础,信徒们接受来自上帝的启示并活在真理之中,这种认识方式以排斥理性的哲学思考和认知为前提。综上所述,德尔图良信仰主义神学认识论是对晚期希腊哲学在关于真理的认知困境上的一种应对,同时也是对基督教原教旨的解读和维护。尽管德尔图良为维护信仰而排斥理性,但是他的信仰主义认识论中也渗透了很多希腊哲学理性要素,其三一论的框架深受斯多葛学派的影响,神人二性说中可以隐约瞥见柏拉图的影子,所以德尔图良并非一位盲目反对理性的人。因为他相信有些事情本是太过于奇妙,以至于超越了理性认知的界限,例如十字架与浸礼的能力。但是,信仰必须以理性上之不可能为基础,德尔图良坚信不受限制的思辨在绝对真理的问题上会错得很离谱,而对于基督徒真正重要的是神的启示。所以,在一定范围内德尔图良自己也使用希腊哲学的概念和语词构建基督教神学体系,但是他严格划分了理性与信仰的界限并将信仰作为维护对象和最终目的。德尔图良为维护信仰而系统化信仰主义神学认识论对于后来的基督教教义发展和后世神学家都产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Tertullian was a famous early Christian thinker and the main representative of the Latin father. His interpretation of the trinity and the doctrine of Jesus God and man laid the foundation for the orthodoxy of the two churches in the East and the West. In his theological system, he abandoned the rationalistic truth epistemology of Greek philosophy and condemned heresy for using philosophical concepts to express Christian truth. He also believes that absolute truth can only be recognized in the enlightenment of surpassing finiteness, and belief is the transcendence of man's limited rationality. In order not to fall into the philosophical dispute of rational speculation, Tertullian regards the Bible as the picture of God's redemption in human history. God is not only the protagonist of the history of sacred redemption, but also the final decider of the process of human history. Tertullian put forward a clear exposition of the trinity, that is, the father, son and spirit all belong to one essence, showing three different positions in history, that is, the traditional Latin sect "Trinity" theory. The theory of "Trinity" originated from God's enlightenment to Jews. Through the teaching of Jesus Christ in the Gospels stage, the spirit from the Father and the son finally led the followers to continue to bathe the truth on the way of the Lord. From this, he believes that only by accepting the enlightenment of God and truth on the basis of belief and dependence is a feasible cognitive route, which is both the road of truth and the way of Christian belief. As an important part of Tertullian's belief theology, belief epistemology has a specific cognitive object and a unique way of understanding. Based on faith in Christ, followers accept revelations from God and live in truth. this way of understanding is premised on the exclusion of rational philosophical thinking and cognition. To sum up, Tertullian's belief theological epistemology is a response to the cognitive dilemma of late Greek philosophy on the truth, and it is also the interpretation and maintenance of Christian tenets. Although Tertullian rejected reason in order to safeguard his belief, many rational elements of Greek philosophy were infiltrated into his belief epistemology, and the framework of his trinity was deeply influenced by the stoic school. The shadow of Plato can be glimpsed in the theory of divinity and man, so Tertullian is not a blind opposition to reason. Because he believed that some things were so wonderful that they went beyond the boundaries of rational cognition, such as the ability of the cross and baptism. But faith must be based on rational impossibility. Tertullian firmly believes that unrestricted speculation can be outrageous on the issue of absolute truth, and that what is really important to Christians is God's enlightenment. Therefore, to a certain extent, Tertullian himself uses the concept and words of Greek philosophy to construct the Christian theological system, but he strictly divides the boundary between reason and belief and regards belief as the object and ultimate goal of preservation. Tertullian's systematic belief theological epistemology in order to maintain belief had a profound influence on the later development of Christian doctrine and later theologians.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B978
本文编号：2493948
[Abstract]:Tertullian was a famous early Christian thinker and the main representative of the Latin father. His interpretation of the trinity and the doctrine of Jesus God and man laid the foundation for the orthodoxy of the two churches in the East and the West. In his theological system, he abandoned the rationalistic truth epistemology of Greek philosophy and condemned heresy for using philosophical concepts to express Christian truth. He also believes that absolute truth can only be recognized in the enlightenment of surpassing finiteness, and belief is the transcendence of man's limited rationality. In order not to fall into the philosophical dispute of rational speculation, Tertullian regards the Bible as the picture of God's redemption in human history. God is not only the protagonist of the history of sacred redemption, but also the final decider of the process of human history. Tertullian put forward a clear exposition of the trinity, that is, the father, son and spirit all belong to one essence, showing three different positions in history, that is, the traditional Latin sect "Trinity" theory. The theory of "Trinity" originated from God's enlightenment to Jews. Through the teaching of Jesus Christ in the Gospels stage, the spirit from the Father and the son finally led the followers to continue to bathe the truth on the way of the Lord. From this, he believes that only by accepting the enlightenment of God and truth on the basis of belief and dependence is a feasible cognitive route, which is both the road of truth and the way of Christian belief. As an important part of Tertullian's belief theology, belief epistemology has a specific cognitive object and a unique way of understanding. Based on faith in Christ, followers accept revelations from God and live in truth. this way of understanding is premised on the exclusion of rational philosophical thinking and cognition. To sum up, Tertullian's belief theological epistemology is a response to the cognitive dilemma of late Greek philosophy on the truth, and it is also the interpretation and maintenance of Christian tenets. Although Tertullian rejected reason in order to safeguard his belief, many rational elements of Greek philosophy were infiltrated into his belief epistemology, and the framework of his trinity was deeply influenced by the stoic school. The shadow of Plato can be glimpsed in the theory of divinity and man, so Tertullian is not a blind opposition to reason. Because he believed that some things were so wonderful that they went beyond the boundaries of rational cognition, such as the ability of the cross and baptism. But faith must be based on rational impossibility. Tertullian firmly believes that unrestricted speculation can be outrageous on the issue of absolute truth, and that what is really important to Christians is God's enlightenment. Therefore, to a certain extent, Tertullian himself uses the concept and words of Greek philosophy to construct the Christian theological system, but he strictly divides the boundary between reason and belief and regards belief as the object and ultimate goal of preservation. Tertullian's systematic belief theological epistemology in order to maintain belief had a profound influence on the later development of Christian doctrine and later theologians.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B978
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