甘南藏区藏传佛教的寺院文化研究
发布时间：2019-06-10 10:42
【摘要】： 甘南藏族自治州位于甘肃省的西南部,总面积约为44,000余平方公里,辖夏河县、临潭县、舟曲县、迭部县、卓尼县、碌曲县、玛曲县等七个县,州政府设立在夏河县的合作镇。甘南藏区东连渭源、岷县、武都等县,南面与四川省接壤,西面与青海省相连,北面与宁夏回族自治州为邻。全州聚居着藏族、回族、汉族、土族、撒拉族、保安族、东乡族等24个民族,各民族关系融洽,民族文化异彩纷呈。 在甘南,信仰藏传佛教的主要有藏族、土族和一部分汉族。甘南自治州藏族最早信仰苯教。苯教是藏族土生土长的、以万物有灵论为其思想基础的宗教,夹杂着自然崇拜、图腾崇拜,是比较成型的原始宗教。后来大约在公元7世纪,佛教传入藏区,与当地的原始宗教苯教相碰撞,经过长时间的相互斗争和相互影响,发展成为适应当地的、并且带有浓厚民族性、地域性特点的藏传佛教。甘南藏区藏传佛教的主要教派有宁玛派、噶举派、萨迦派、格鲁派等。宁玛派是甘南藏区最早崇奉的藏传佛教的教派之一,后来很多寺院改奉了格鲁派,只有夏河的红教寺、郭瓦滩寺信奉宁玛派至今。萨迦派在甘南藏区总共存在了164年之久,它最早是从元朝时期传入甘南藏区的,1295年在甘南的卓尼创建了禅定寺,到了明朝时期,即公元1459年,该寺改信格鲁派。格鲁派是后来由宗喀巴大师创立的藏传佛教的一个教派,俗称“黄教”。格鲁派在甘南藏区的主要代表寺院有拉卜楞寺、禅定寺等。 甘南藏传佛教的寺院文化,属于藏族传统文化的组成部分,它与当地藏传佛教的历史及宗教文化的传承、藏族的传统民间艺术等密切相关。本文运用了民族学、宗教学、社会学等学科的理论知识,分析了甘南藏族自治州藏传佛教丰富多样的寺院文化,包括它的建筑与绘画艺术、藏传佛教经文的刻印、寺院僧侣教育、藏传佛教的传统节日文化、藏传佛教的法舞艺术,历代高僧的成就和主要著作,以及寺院的旅游文化等方面。同时还从经济、国民素质、科学技术发展、国家政策等方面的原因进行阐述,进一步说明藏传佛教寺院文化兴衰的原因,以及寺院文化呈现出的一个新特点——世俗化。在建设和谐社会中,如何更好地保护和发展寺院文化,也是本文研究的内容之一。
[Abstract]:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southwest of Gansu Province, with a total area of more than 44000 square kilometers. It has seven counties, including Xiahe County, Lintan County, Zhouqu County, Diebu County, Zhuoni County, Luqu County and Maqu County. The state government is established in the cooperative town of Xiahe County. Gannan Tibetan area is connected with Weiyuan, Minxian and Wudu counties in the east, Sichuan Province in the south, Qinghai Province in the west and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the north. The whole state is inhabited by 24 ethnic groups, such as Tibetan, Hui, Han, Turkish, Salar, Baoan, Dongxiang and so on. In Gannan, Tibetan Buddhism is mainly believed in Tibetan, Turkish and some Han nationality. Tibetans in Gannan Autonomous Prefecture were the first to believe in benzene religion. Benzene religion is a Tibetan native religion, which is based on animism of all things, mixed with natural worship and totem worship, and is a relatively formative primitive religion. Later, around the 7th century AD, Buddhism was introduced into Tibetan areas and collided with the local primitive religion of benzene. After a long period of struggle and mutual influence, Buddhism developed into a suitable local area, with a strong national character. Tibetan Buddhism with regional characteristics. The main denominations of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan area are Ningma School, Kaghi School, Saga School, Gru School and so on. Ningma School is one of the earliest Tibetan Buddhist denominations in Gannan Tibetan area. Later, many monasteries converted to Gruk School, only the Hongjiao Temple in Xiahe River, and Guowatan Temple believed in Ningma School so far. The Saga School existed in Gannan Tibetan area for a total of 164 years. It was first introduced into Gannan Tibetan area from the Yuan Dynasty. Zen Temple was founded in Zhuoni in Gannan in 1295. In the Ming Dynasty, that is, AD 1459, the temple was converted to the Gruk School. Gruk School is a sect of Tibetan Buddhism later founded by Master Zongkapa, commonly known as Huang Religion. The main representative monasteries of Gruk School in Gannan Tibetan area are Labureng Temple, Zen Temple and so on. The monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan is an integral part of Tibetan traditional culture, which is closely related to the history and religious culture of local Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan traditional folk art and so on. Based on the theoretical knowledge of nationality, religion, sociology and other disciplines, this paper analyzes the rich and diverse monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, including its architecture and painting art, and the engraving of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures. Monastery monk education, Tibetan Buddhism traditional holiday culture, Tibetan Buddhism French dance art, the achievements and main works of monks in past dynasties, as well as monastery tourism culture and so on. At the same time, it also expounds the reasons for the rise and fall of Tibetan Buddhist monastery culture from the aspects of economy, national quality, scientific and technological development, national policy and so on, as well as a new feature of monastery culture, secularization. In the construction of harmonious society, how to better protect and develop monastery culture is also one of the contents of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：B948
本文编号：2496405
[Abstract]:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southwest of Gansu Province, with a total area of more than 44000 square kilometers. It has seven counties, including Xiahe County, Lintan County, Zhouqu County, Diebu County, Zhuoni County, Luqu County and Maqu County. The state government is established in the cooperative town of Xiahe County. Gannan Tibetan area is connected with Weiyuan, Minxian and Wudu counties in the east, Sichuan Province in the south, Qinghai Province in the west and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the north. The whole state is inhabited by 24 ethnic groups, such as Tibetan, Hui, Han, Turkish, Salar, Baoan, Dongxiang and so on. In Gannan, Tibetan Buddhism is mainly believed in Tibetan, Turkish and some Han nationality. Tibetans in Gannan Autonomous Prefecture were the first to believe in benzene religion. Benzene religion is a Tibetan native religion, which is based on animism of all things, mixed with natural worship and totem worship, and is a relatively formative primitive religion. Later, around the 7th century AD, Buddhism was introduced into Tibetan areas and collided with the local primitive religion of benzene. After a long period of struggle and mutual influence, Buddhism developed into a suitable local area, with a strong national character. Tibetan Buddhism with regional characteristics. The main denominations of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan area are Ningma School, Kaghi School, Saga School, Gru School and so on. Ningma School is one of the earliest Tibetan Buddhist denominations in Gannan Tibetan area. Later, many monasteries converted to Gruk School, only the Hongjiao Temple in Xiahe River, and Guowatan Temple believed in Ningma School so far. The Saga School existed in Gannan Tibetan area for a total of 164 years. It was first introduced into Gannan Tibetan area from the Yuan Dynasty. Zen Temple was founded in Zhuoni in Gannan in 1295. In the Ming Dynasty, that is, AD 1459, the temple was converted to the Gruk School. Gruk School is a sect of Tibetan Buddhism later founded by Master Zongkapa, commonly known as Huang Religion. The main representative monasteries of Gruk School in Gannan Tibetan area are Labureng Temple, Zen Temple and so on. The monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan is an integral part of Tibetan traditional culture, which is closely related to the history and religious culture of local Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan traditional folk art and so on. Based on the theoretical knowledge of nationality, religion, sociology and other disciplines, this paper analyzes the rich and diverse monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, including its architecture and painting art, and the engraving of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures. Monastery monk education, Tibetan Buddhism traditional holiday culture, Tibetan Buddhism French dance art, the achievements and main works of monks in past dynasties, as well as monastery tourism culture and so on. At the same time, it also expounds the reasons for the rise and fall of Tibetan Buddhist monastery culture from the aspects of economy, national quality, scientific and technological development, national policy and so on, as well as a new feature of monastery culture, secularization. In the construction of harmonious society, how to better protect and develop monastery culture is also one of the contents of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：B948
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前3条
1 龙珠多杰;藏传佛教寺院建筑文化研究[D];中央民族大学;2011年
2 吕春祥;甘肃卓尼藏族龙纹图形研究[D];中央民族大学;2010年
3 王晓珍;从河湟地区传统建筑彩画看藏汉文化交融[D];西安美术学院;2013年
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 李驰;西藏建筑的前世今生[D];天津大学;2010年
2 刘明洋;包头藏传佛教建筑文化研究[D];华南理工大学;2013年
，本文编号：2496405
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