北京市生态涵养区生态系统服务供给与流动的能值分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 09:40

本文关键词：北京市生态涵养区生态系统服务供给与流动的能值分析　出处：《地理学报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来北京市建成区扩张迅速,对城市周边地区的生态系统服务需求上升。本文以北京市生态涵养区为例,利用能值评估方法评估该区域生态系统服务,分析各生态系统及其与城市系统之间的服务流动和依赖关系。研究结果表明:从生态系统类型上看,2012年森林生态系统服务对涵养区生态系统服务贡献最大,占到生态系统服务总能值的79.7%,其次为农田和水域生态系统,分别占总能值的19.7%和0.6%;从生态系统服务类型上看,森林生态系统的有机物生产和水源涵养是其主要的生态系统服务,分别占总能值产出的40.4%和35.8%。粮食供给是农田系统的主要能值输出,占农田生态系统能值的70%。水域提供的生态系统服务中,能值比例较高的依次为水源供给、洪水调蓄和水产品供给,分别占水域生态系统能值的35.1%、28.6%和28.2%;从能值转移矩阵分析可以看出,对城市来说,森林生物量、森林土壤水、水域地下水和农田生物量是重要的生态系统服务供给组分;系统能值动态分析结果表明,2004年到2012年森林和水域生态系统重要程度增加,农田生态系统重要程度有所减少,城市系统的角色由主动变为被动。因此,在未来的发展规划中,对森林和水域生态系统的保育应给予足够关注。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the built-up area of Beijing has expanded rapidly, and the demand for ecosystem services in the surrounding areas of the city is rising. Taking the ecological conservation area of Beijing as an example, this paper evaluates the ecosystem services in the region by using emergy evaluation method, and analyzes the service flow and dependency between each ecosystem and its urban system. The results show that: the ecosystem type, the contribution of forest ecosystem services in 2012 for the ecosystem services conservation area, accounted for 79.7% of the value of ecosystem services always, followed by farmland and water ecosystem, which accounted for 19.7% and 0.6% of the total emergy; from the ecosystem service type, forest ecosystem the production of organic matter and water conservation is the main ecosystem services, accounting for 40.4% of the total emergy output and 35.8% respectively. Grain supply is the main energy output of farmland system, accounting for 70% of the value of farmland ecosystem. Ecosystem services provided by waters, followed by a higher proportion of the energy value of water supply, flood storage and water supply, water ecosystem accounted for 35.1% of the value, can 28.6% and 28.2%; see from the energy transfer matrix analysis, for the city, forest biomass, forest soil water, groundwater and irrigation waters the biomass of ecosystem service provision is an important component of the system; the value of dynamic analysis results show that from 2004 to 2012 and the importance of forest ecological system, the importance of farmland ecosystem has decreased, city system take the initiative to become the passive role. Therefore, in future development planning, the conservation of forest and water ecosystem should be paid enough attention.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京大学土地科学中心;中国人民大学附属中学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371096,41130534)~~
【分类号】：X21
【正文快照】： 1引言城市周边地区可以为人类社会提供多种生态系统服务[1-2],如食品[3]、涵养水源[4]、洪水控制[5-6]、气候调节[7]、碳吸收[8]、文化景观[9]和社会教育[10]等功能,是实现城市可持续发展的有机组成部分[11]。然而,城市周边地区也是对城市扩张最敏感、变化最大且迅速的地区。

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