英国默西河污染治理的历史考察

发布时间：2017-12-27 15:05

本文关键词：英国默西河污染治理的历史考察　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：位于英国西北部的默西河在工业革命开始之前,它是一条清澈无污染的河流,然而在快速工业化和无规则城市化的发展过程中,默西河已经变成欧洲污染最严重的河流之一。文章重点介绍默西河流域经济快速发展后,河流环境遭受了极严重的破坏。主要分析了英国默西河自工业革命以后,工业的快速发展导致大量废弃物和废水的排放,农业产量的提升带来默西河用水量的增加,移民的大量涌入产生了大量生活垃圾也是造成默西河污染源的原因。默西河的污染造成了严重的社会影响,英国政府组建河流治理委员会进行初步治理,但是由于各种原因,治理没有达到预期效果。20世纪60年代全世界范围内兴起的环境保护运动,以及英国加入欧盟后面对的更加严苛的《水环境框架》,都要求英国政府必须采取有效的措施来应对全国普遍的河流污染问题。1973年英国政府颁布《水法》,开始了以法治水的阶段。撒切尔夫人主政后,英国政府组建西北水务局,改变过去以地方政府作为主要治理河流主体的方式,逐渐形成以区域为核心的治理理念。默西河治理工程项目在这些条件具备后正式实施,以其独特的管理模式和技术应用,经过25年的努力彻底解决了默西河长久以来的污染问题。默西河重新恢复到优质的水质,能够满足各种鱼类和水生动植物的生存要求。最后文章对默西河从工业革命开始到现在200多年的污染治理史做出全面的梳理,说明现代河流治理成功的原因和启示。
[Abstract]:Located in northwest England Mersey before the start of the industrial revolution, it is a clear and no pollution of the river, but in the rapid industrialization and irregular city development process, the Mersey River has become one of Europe's most polluted rivers. The article focuses on the Mersey River Basin rapid economic development, the river suffered serious damage to the environment. The main analysis of the river Mersey in Britain since the industrial revolution, the rapid development of industry led to a large number of waste and wastewater emissions, agricultural production to bring to enhance the Mersey, the increase in water consumption, the reason of influx of immigrants to produce a lot of garbage is caused by river pollution sources. The pollution of the MERSI river has caused serious social impact. The British government set up a river Governance Committee for preliminary control, but for various reasons, the government failed to achieve the desired results. In 1960s, the worldwide environmental protection movement and the more stringent water environment framework facing Britain after joining the EU asked the British government to take effective measures to deal with the widespread pollution problem of rivers in the whole country. In 1973, the British government promulgated the water law, beginning with the stage of governing the water by law. After the administration of Mrs. Thatcher, the British government set up the Northwest Water Bureau, which changed the way of local government as the main body to control the river in the past, and gradually formed the governance concept centered on the region. The Mersey treatment project officially implemented in these conditions, with its unique management mode and the application of technology, after 25 years of efforts to solve the pollution problem of the Mersey River for a long time. The Mersey River back to the quality of the water quality, can meet various kinds of fish and aquatic animals and plants for survival. Finally, on the river Mersey to now more than 200 years of history to make comprehensive analysis of pollution control from the industrial revolution, the reasons and Enlightenment of modern river management success.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X522;K561.5

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