塑料垃圾裂解机理及实验装置的设计研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 18:00

本文关键词：塑料垃圾裂解机理及实验装置的设计研究　出处：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,我国塑料工业得到了长足的发展,层出不穷的塑料制品已经渗透到国民生活的方方面面,成为人们日常生活不可或缺的必需品。塑料垃圾急剧增加导致了环境污染日趋严重,“白色污染”已成为环境保护的突出问题。因此,探索高效、经济、环保的回收利用技术已迫在眉睫。本文针对常见的塑料垃圾回收利用方法,分析了国内外一些主要塑料垃圾处理技术优缺点,利用电磁加热理论,研究了塑料垃圾的裂解机理,指出了塑料垃圾现有处理技术的不足,提出了一种新型的塑料垃圾处理方式——电磁裂解。通过对电磁加热机理深入地研究,基于电磁加热的特点以及亟待解决的问题,设计了一套新型塑料垃圾电磁裂解实验装置。该实验装置主要由裂解腔、搅拌轴、加热器、控制柜、温度传感器等构成。对所设计的裂解实验装置基于ANSYS Workbench进行了热-结构耦合仿真分析。在理论腔体温度条件下,获得了裂解实验装置各部分的温度分布、应力、应变等数据。经综合分析,裂解实验装置满足设计强度要求。利用Maxwell与ANSYS Workbench软件,对裂解实验装置进行了电磁-热耦合仿真。利用对实验装置进行简化得到的模型,通过设置各项仿真参数进而获得了磁场、电流密度、涡流损耗等分布云图;对在不同线圈螺距下的裂解腔涡流仿真云图进行分析,认为,当加热线圈缠绕螺距最小即紧密缠绕排布时,其涡流感应加热温度分布最强区与裂解腔吻合,加热效果最佳。实验表明,本课题研究的裂解实验装置可以测试不同加热时间段以及各温度区间下塑料垃圾的熔融、裂解状态,以及测试塑料垃圾在静态和动态两种状态下的温升、裂解、融化、粘附状况。得到的塑料垃圾电磁裂解工艺及相关结论可为后续大型塑料垃圾电磁裂解设备的设计及使用提供重要参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's plastics industry has made great progress. The endless stream of plastic products has penetrated into all aspects of national life, and become an indispensable necessities for people's daily life. The rapid increase of plastic waste leads to the serious environmental pollution, and "white pollution" has become a prominent problem of environmental protection. Therefore, it is imminent to explore the efficient, economic and environmental recycling technology. According to the common plastic waste recycling method, analysis of some of the major domestic and foreign plastic waste treatment technology advantages and disadvantages, the use of electromagnetic heating theory, study the pyrolysis mechanism of plastic waste, pointed out the deficiencies of the existing processing technology of plastic garbage, put forward a new type of plastic waste treatment method, electromagnetic cracking. Based on the in-depth study of the electromagnetic heating mechanism and based on the characteristics of electromagnetic heating and the problems to be solved, a new experimental device for electromagnetic cracking of plastic waste is designed. The experimental device mainly consists of a cracking chamber, a mixing shaft, a heater, a control cabinet, a temperature sensor and so on. The thermal structure coupling simulation analysis was carried out on the designed pyrolysis experiment device based on ANSYS Workbench. Under the temperature condition of the theoretical cavity, the temperature distribution, stress, strain and other data of each part of the pyrolysis experimental device were obtained. Through comprehensive analysis, the cracking test device meets the requirements of the design strength. By using Maxwell and ANSYS Workbench software, the electromagnetic thermal coupling simulation of the pyrolysis experiment device is carried out. The use of the experimental device simplified model, by setting the simulation parameters and the magnetic field, current density, eddy current loss equally distributed figure; on cracking cavity eddy simulation images in different coil pitch analysis of that, when the heating coil winding pitch is tightly wound minimum arrangement, the eddy current heating the temperature distribution of the strongest zone and cracking cavity anastomosis, the heating effect is the best. The experimental results show that the pyrolysis test device can test the melting and cracking state of plastic waste under different heating time and temperature range, and test the temperature rise, cracking, melting and adhesion status of plastic waste in two states of static and dynamic state. The electromagnetic cracking process of plastic waste and the related conclusions can provide important reference for the design and use of the subsequent large plastic waste electromagnetic cracking equipment.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X705

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