我国土壤污染治理专项基金立法问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:38

本文关键词：我国土壤污染治理专项基金立法问题研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土壤是人类的生存之本,土壤的环境关系着土壤产物的质量,关系着人类的身体健康。然而,近些年来,大片土壤受到严重污染,土壤污染情况十分严峻,已然成为了一个世界性的难题,我国也不例外。但是,土壤污染的治理需要大量的资金,我国土壤污染治理资金来源的不稳定性等问题,导致实践中土壤污染治理工作的开展困难重重。本文认为构建土壤污染治理专项基金制度较为必要与可行,从法律规范角度看,目前我国土壤污染治理基金制度已形成了基本的雏形,但尚未完全建立起来,土壤污染治理专项基金的现行立法存在着一定的问题。本文将从土壤污染治理基金的基本内涵,我国土壤污染治理专项基金的现行立法概况,现行立法存在的问题,典型国家土壤污染基金制度借鉴以及我国土壤污染治理专项基金的立法完善等这五个方面进行较为深入的探讨。本文第一部分,介绍了土壤污染治理专项基金基本内涵,包括土壤污染的概述以及土壤污染专项基金的概述与意义,具体有土壤污染的概念、特征、危害,治理、环境保护基金、土壤污染治理基金及其理论和现实意义。第二部分,梳理了我国现行与土壤污染治理专项基金相关的规范性法律文件,并且按照宪法与法律、行政法规、部门规章、地方性法规与地方政府规章的法律位阶对重要的法律法规以及重要的法律条款进行罗列。第三部分,对我国土壤污染治理专项基金现行立法进行分析,从立法的形式与立法的内容入手,找到现行立法中的问题。立法形式上的问题包括立法分散性较大、立法附属性较强、立法层次性较低;立法内容上的问题包括立法空白、重复立法、可操作性不足等。第四部分,介绍美国、德国、日本这三个国家的土壤污染基金制度的立法现状,然后从基金的来源、基金的使用以及基金的监管等方面阐述其基本内容,并进行简要的述评总结,最后找出这三国土壤污染基金制度对我国的启示。第五部分,基于文章前面几部分的研究,针对我国土壤污染治理基金相关立法存在的问题,结合国外的先进经验与国内的实际情况,尝试对我国现有的土壤污染治理专项基金进行立法完善。立法的形式上,建议从专门性的高位阶立法《土壤污染治理专项基金条例》、具体配套的地方性立法两方面进行完善;立法的内容上,从整合法律规定并提高可操作性、创新法律规范内容并填补立法空白等方面进行完善。
[Abstract]:Soil is the source of human survival. The environment of the soil is related to the quality of the soil products and the health of the human body. However, in recent years, large areas of soil have been seriously polluted, soil pollution is very severe, has become a worldwide problem, China is no exception. However, the management of soil pollution needs a lot of money. The problem of instability of sources of funds in China's soil pollution leads to difficulties in soil pollution control in practice. This paper thinks that the construction of soil pollution control special fund system is necessary and feasible, from the legal perspective, China's soil pollution control fund system has formed the basic shape, but has not been fully established, the current legislation of soil pollution special fund deposit in a certain problem. This article from the basic connotation of the soil pollution control fund, the current legislation situation of China's soil pollution special funds, the current legislation of the existing problems, from soil pollution fund system of typical countries and China soil pollution control special fund legislation etc. these five aspects are deeply discussed. The first part of this paper introduces the basic connotation of special fund of soil pollution, including soil pollution and soil pollution of special fund with an overview of the significance, concept, characteristics and harm of the soil pollution, governance, environmental protection funds, soil pollution control fund and its theoretical and practical significance. The second part reviews the normative legal documents of China's current fund associated with the soil pollution control projects, and in accordance with the Constitution and the laws, administrative regulations, department regulations, local regulations and local government regulations of the legal order of important laws and rules of the legal section list. The third part analyzes the current legislation of the special fund for soil pollution control in China, and finds out the problems in the current legislation from the legislative form and legislative content. The legislative problems include large decentralization, strong legislative attributes and low level of legislation. The legislative contents include legislative blank, repeated legislation and lack of operability. The fourth part introduces the legislative situation of soil pollution, the three national fund system of the United States, Germany, Japan, and then discusses the basic content from the use of the sources of funds, funds and fund supervision and other aspects, and summarized the brief review, and finally find out the implications of this three soil pollution fund system in our country. The fifth part, based on the research in the front part of the article, aiming at the problems existing in the legislation of soil pollution control fund in China, combined with the advanced experience of foreign countries and the actual situation in China, we try to improve the existing special fund for soil pollution control in China. The form of legislation, recommendations from the special high order "soil pollution control legislation of special fund regulations", specific supporting local legislation two aspects; the legislation content, from the integration of law and improve the operability and innovative content of legal norms and fill legislative gaps and other aspects.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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