“彩糯868”和“紫糯66”两种糯玉米适应低氮、磷营养胁迫及其机制研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 23:06

本文关键词：“彩糯868”和“紫糯66”两种糯玉米适应低氮、磷营养胁迫及其机制研究　出处：《重庆三峡学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河流、湖泊等水体的富营养化成为世界关注的焦点,是水污染治理的重要难题。导致水体富营养化的成因很多,如工业废水、生活污水的集中排放,农业中化肥的增施以及流失均能造成水体富营养问题的产生。因此,治理水体富营养化成为水质改善亟待解决的问题。为解决这一难题,过去主要集中在治理点污染源,但水质状况仍每况愈下,研究者们把关注的焦点转移到农业面源污染的控制以及治理上,除了从源头上减少氮肥磷肥的施用量外,耐低营养胁迫植物的使用也可以有效地控制农业面源污染问题。本论文主要是比较彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米品种耐低营养胁迫的能力,以及研究低营养胁迫对两个品种糯玉米形态以及生理生化的影响。经实验研究以及数据分析得出以下结论:(1)随着低氮磷营养胁迫的增加,彩糯868糯玉米品种的干重先增加后降低,而紫糯66糯玉米品种的干重都降低。氮磷营养胁迫条件都使彩糯868和紫糯66的主根长度和根系活力降低,根冠比和侧根数增加。而随着低氮磷营养胁迫的增加,紫糯66根系活力先增加后降低。彩糯868的形态指标以及根系活力受到低营养胁迫的影响明显小于紫糯66。(2)随着低营养胁迫程度的增加,彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米品种的丙二醛、辅氨酸含量而增加,而可溶性糖含量降低。低氮磷胁迫对彩糯868品种的可溶性糖含量的影响要大于对紫糯66品种的影响。(3)低氮磷胁迫后彩糯868和紫糯66品种糯玉米的过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性都增加。当氮或磷不变,随着磷或者氮比例下降,彩糯868过氧化物酶活性呈现先增加后下降的趋势。紫糯66叶片中过氧化物酶活性受低氮磷胁迫的影响而增加。彩糯868品种的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶受到胁迫的影响较紫糯66品种小一些。(4)彩糯868和紫糯66两种玉米幼苗叶片的酸性磷酸酯酶活性均随低氮磷胁迫的加重而增加,缺磷对酸性磷酸酶的活性的影响大于缺氮对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的影响。两种玉米幼苗叶片的硝酸还原酶活性均随低氮磷胁迫的增加而降低,低氮胁迫对硝酸还原酶活性的影响远大于低磷胁迫。彩糯868品种的酸性磷酸酶酶和硝酸还原酶活性受到胁迫的影响较紫糯66品种比大。(5)彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米叶绿素含量随着磷或者氮元素的比例下降而减慢,氮元素缺乏对叶绿素含量的影响大于磷元素缺乏的影响,彩糯868品种的叶绿素含量受到胁迫的影响较紫糯66品种小。(6)彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和净光合速率均随着磷或者氮元素的比例下降而降低,氮元素缺乏的影响大于磷元素缺乏的影响,彩糯868品种的蒸腾速率和净光合速率受到胁迫的影响较紫糯66品种小,而蒸腾速率受到胁迫的影响较紫糯66品种大一些。
[Abstract]:The eutrophication of rivers and lakes has become the focus of attention in the world, and it is an important problem for the treatment of water pollution. There are many causes for water eutrophication, such as the centralized discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, the increase and loss of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can cause the problem of eutrophication of water body. Therefore, the treatment of water eutrophication has become an urgent problem for water quality improvement. In order to solve this problem, in the past mainly in the control of the point pollution source, but the water situation is still deteriorating, the researchers focus their attention to the agricultural non-point source pollution control and management, in addition to reducing the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from the source, the use of low nutrient stress resistant plants can effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper is mainly to compare the abilities of waxy Nuo 868 and Zi Nuo 66 waxy maize varieties to resist low nutrient stress, and to study the effects of low nutritional stress on the morphological and physiological and biochemical characteristics of two varieties of waxy corn. Through experimental research and data analysis, we draw the following conclusions: (1) with the increase of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the dry weight of color waxy 868 waxy corn increased first and then decreased, while the dry weight of purple Nuo 66 waxy corn varieties decreased. The root length and root vigor of the color glutinous 868 and the purple glutinous 66 were reduced, and the root and crown ratio and the number of lateral roots increased. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the root activity of purple glutinous 66 increased first and then decreased. The morphological index and root activity of color glutinous 868 were significantly less influenced by low nutrition stress than purple waxy 66. (2) with the increase of low nutrition stress, the content of malondialdehyde and auxiliary ammonia in color glutinous 868 and purple glutinous 66 waxy maize increased, but the content of soluble sugar decreased. The effect of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress on soluble sugar content of 868 varieties of colored glutinous rice was greater than that of purple glutinous 66. (3) after low nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the activity of catalase and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in waxy 868 and 66 varieties of waxy corn. When nitrogen or phosphorus remained unchanged, the activity of 868 peroxidase in color waxy increased and then decreased with the decrease of P or N ratio. The activity of peroxidase in the leaves of purple glutinous 66 increased with the effect of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of 868 varieties of color waxy were less influenced by the stress than the 66 varieties of purple glutinous rice. (4) the activities of acid phosphatase in the leaves of two maize seedlings of CAI Nuo 868 and Zi Nuo 66 increased with the aggravation of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The effect of phosphorus deficiency on the activity of acid phosphatase was greater than that of nitrogen deficiency on the activity of acid phosphatase. The nitrate reductase activity of two maize seedlings decreased with the increase of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The effect of low nitrogen stress on nitrate reductase activity was much greater than that of low phosphorus stress. The acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase activity of 868 varieties of color waxy were more influenced by the stress than the 66 varieties of purple glutinous rice. (5) chlorophyll content of color waxy 868 and purple Nuo 66 waxy maize decreased with the decrease of phosphorus or nitrogen ratio. The effect of nitrogen deficiency on chlorophyll content was greater than that of phosphorus deficiency. The chlorophyll content of color 868 was smaller than that of purple purple 66. (6) the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate decreased with nitrogen or phosphorus decreased 66 and 868 waxy waxy corn Color Purple glutinous, effect of nitrogen deficiency is greater than the effect of phosphorus deficiency, cainuo 868 varieties of transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate under stress influence a small purple glutinous 66 varieties, and the transpiration rate under stress influence than 66 large varieties of purple glutinous.
【学位授予单位】：重庆三峡学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;X71

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