土壤污染责任机制立法研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:08

本文关键词：土壤污染责任机制立法研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,我国的土壤污染问题种类繁多、形式严峻,对人的身体健康造成了严重的威胁,并带来了巨大的经济损失。《土壤污染防治法》迟迟不能出台导致我国土壤污染责任机制的缺失,而土壤污染责任机制的设置直接关乎到土壤污染问题能否有效解决。本文在这一背景下通过以下几个方面的内容对这一问题进行了深入的分析。第一部分,明确了土壤污染的特点在于其危害性大、隐蔽性强、持续性长以及不可逆转;结合这些特点提出土壤污染责任机制应该是一个动态化的责任体系,具有综合性、复合性和科学性等特征;同时还论证了构建土壤污染责任机制的必要性。第二部分,分析了土壤污染责任机制的主要内容,包括土壤污染的责任主体(污染行为人与污染土地关系人)、责任范围、归责原则、责任分配、责任的限度五个大方面的内容,为之后论证我国土壤污染责任机制的构建奠定了理论基础。第三部分,通过比较的方法,介绍了以德国、美国和为代表的不同国家有关土壤污染防治责任的法律制度,并针对责任主体、责任原则、责任实现形式等几个方面的问题对德国和美国的立法实践做了分析,总结其优劣之处以及对我国土壤污染责任机制的启示。第四部分,分析了当前我国土壤污染责任机制的立法实践状况,列举了我国近年有关土壤污染责任的规范性法律文件,对这些规范性文件进行了类型化的分析,其中以2016年底环保部制定颁布的《污染地块土壤环境管理办法(试行)》的规定最为先进,并结合实践情况总结了我国当前在土壤污染责任立法中所存在的问题。第五部分,通过借鉴国外的先进立法经验,结合当前我国土壤污染责任立法中存在的问题,为我国土壤污染责任机制的构建提出了三个方面的立法建议;首先是把握以德国"状态责任"制度为主要目标进行借鉴,同时结合国情进行完善和创新,避免盲目的模仿和复制的基本思路;其次是尽快制定出台《土壤污染防治法》,并完善相关立法,构建一个以《土壤污染防治法》为主干,其他有关法律规范为配套的土壤污染责任机制;最后,是针对土壤污染的责任主体、污染土地关系人责任的分配、归责原则、责任限度、责任的实现形式等土壤污染责任机制的主要内容提出了具体的建议。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many kinds and severe forms of soil pollution in China, which poses a serious threat to human health and brings great economic losses. The law of soil pollution prevention has not yet been promulgated, which has led to the lack of responsibility mechanism for soil pollution in China. The establishment of soil pollution liability mechanism is directly related to the effective solution of soil pollution. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the problem in this context through the following aspects. The first part, clarify the characteristics of soil pollution is harmful, concealed, persistent and irreversible; the combination of these characteristics of soil pollution liability mechanism is a dynamic system of responsibility, has the characteristics of comprehensive, complex and scientific; it also demonstrates the necessity of soil pollution the responsibility mechanism. The second part analyzes the main content of soil pollution liability mechanism, the main responsibility of pollution (including soil pollution and pollution behavior of human land relationship people), the five major aspects of the scope of liability, imputation principle, responsibility assignment, liability limit, laid the theoretical foundation for the construction of the demonstration after the soil pollution liability system in China the. The third part, through the comparison method, is introduced to the United States and Germany, as the representative of different countries on responsibility for soil pollution prevention legal system, and made analysis on the subject of liability, liability principle, implementation of legislative practice in Germany and the United States in the form of several aspects of the problem, summarizes its advantages and disadvantages and Enlightenment on soil pollution liability mechanism in china. The fourth part analyzed the current situation of China's soil pollution liability mechanism of legislation and practice in our country in recent years, enumerates the soil pollution liability of normative legal documents, the normative documents analyzed the types of the end of 2016, the Ministry of environmental protection issued the "pollution of soil environmental management measures (Trial)" the provisions of the most advanced, and combining with the practical situation in China are summarized in the current soil pollution liability legislation problems. The fifth part, through the reference of foreign advanced legislative experience, combined with China's current soil pollution liability legislation problems in the construction of soil pollution liability system in China and puts forward legislative suggestions in three aspects; the first is to grasp the German "state responsibility system" of the main objective for reference, combined with national conditions to improve and the basic idea of innovation, avoid blind imitation and copy; second is promulgated the "soil pollution prevention and control law" as soon as possible, and improve the relevant legislation, in order to build a "soil pollution prevention law" as the backbone and other relevant laws and regulations of soil pollution liability mechanism for supporting; finally, according to the main responsibility for soil pollution the pollution of land relationship between the allocation of responsibility, principle of liability, limitation of liability, liability form etc. the main contents of soil pollution liability mechanism put forward specific suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68;X53

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