我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:16

本文关键词：我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用　出处：《草业科学》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以高投入、高产出、高排放为特征的现代农业在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也带来了一系列的环境问题。本文根据中国统计年鉴及中国农村统计年鉴的数据分析了我国由化肥、农药、养殖废弃物等产生的农业污染现状。结果表明,从改革开放至今,我国化肥施用量呈逐年递增趋势,其中,2014年化肥施用量同比增加了578.27%,2013年单位耕地施肥量同比增加了391.78%;2012年农药施用量同比增加了1.5倍;同时随着养殖业的迅猛发展,废弃物排放量也逐年递增。针对污染现状,本文列举了目前常用于治理农业污染的草类植物,并探讨推行以草本植物为主的生态沟渠、草皮缓冲带和人工湿地治理面源污染的草业生态模式,提出在面源污染治理中草类植物的选择原则,建议构建循环农业生态模式用于治理面源污染,旨在为农业环境污染治理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:The modern agriculture, characterized by high input, high yield and high emission, brings great economic benefits, and brings a series of environmental problems. Based on the data from China Statistical Yearbook and China Rural Statistical Yearbook, this paper analyzes the present situation of agricultural pollution caused by fertilizers, pesticides and livestock wastes. The results show that since the reform and opening up, the amount of chemical fertilizer in China is increasing year by year, the amount of chemical fertilizer increased by 578.27% year-on-year in 2014, 2013 the unit of cultivated land fertilization increased by 391.78%; the amount of pesticide application in 2012 an increase of 1.5 times; at the same time, with the rapid development of aquaculture industry, waste emissions are increasing year by year. According to the present situation of pollution, this paper lists the current commonly used in the control of agricultural pollution grasses, and discusses the implementation of grassland ecological model with herbage ecological ditch, grass buffer and artificial wetland for non-point source pollution control, put forward the selection principle of grass plants in non-point source pollution control, proposed construction of circular agricultural ecological model for governance non-point source pollution, in order to provide a scientific basis for the pollution of agricultural environment.
【作者单位】：福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所;福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2014R1017-7、2015R1017-2、2016R1016-2) 福建省农科院英才计划课题(YC2016-12)
【分类号】：X71;X173
【正文快照】： 随着中国经济的飞速发展,农业生产方式发生了深刻的变革,自给自足的传统农业逐渐向集约化、专业化和规模化的现代农业转变,以高投入、高产出、高排放为特征的现代农业在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也带来了一系列的环境问题[1-2]。环境污染分点源污染与面源污染,面源污染(diffuse

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