基于水劣化足迹的城市发展的水环境效应评价——以北京市为例

发布时间：2017-12-31 01:22

本文关键词：基于水劣化足迹的城市发展的水环境效应评价——以北京市为例　出处：《环境科学学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：水劣化足迹是反映污染物排放对水质影响程度的一种评价方法和指标.为了评估和揭示北京市城市发展的水环境效应,本文基于水劣化足迹评价的方法框架,发展和完善相关模型和参数,选取关键污染因子,对北京市2004—2013年水体酸化足迹、水体富营养化足迹和水体生态毒性足迹进行了评价,进而对水劣化足迹与部分城市发展指标的相关关系进行了分析.结果显示:12004—2013年北京市水酸化足迹逐年减小,由2004年的19.1×107kg SO_2eq减少到2013年的8.7×107kg SO_2eq,污染排放对水体酸化的影响有所减弱;2水体富营养化足迹在2004—2009年和2010—2013年两个时间段内总体均呈现减少趋势,但后一时间段内水体富营养化绝对值总体高于前一时间段.2004—2009年,水体富营养化足迹减少了约1.5×10~7kg NO_3eq,而从2010—2013年减少了约0.8×107kg NO_3~-eq;2011年至2013年期间,基于新增污染物(氨氮、总氮和总磷)计算的水体富营养化足迹减少了2.4×10~7kg NO_3eq.从其组成来看,水体富营养化的关键因素为总磷;3选取铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)5种重金属污染物,对北京市2011—2013年的水体生态毒性足迹进行评价发现,水体生态毒性足迹从4234.7×106m3H_2O eq增加到4653.1×106m3H2O eq.从其组成来看,重金属水体生态毒性足迹的关键污染因子为镉(Cd);4水劣化足迹与城市发展特征指标的关系分析显示,人口数量增速减缓、产业结构调整(第二产业向第三产业转化)以及农业化肥用量的减少,对于水劣化足迹的改善有积极作用.
[Abstract]:Water degradation footprint is an evaluation method and index to reflect the impact of pollutant discharge on water quality. In order to evaluate and reveal the water environmental effect of urban development in Beijing, this paper bases on the framework of water degradation footprint evaluation. The key pollution factors were selected to evaluate the water acidification footprint, eutrophication footprint and ecological toxicity footprint of Beijing from 2004 to 2013. The relationship between the water degradation footprint and some urban development indicators was analyzed. The results showed that the water acidification footprint of Beijing decreased year by year from 2004 to 2013. From 19.1 脳 107kg SO_2eq in 2004 to 8.7 脳 107kg so 2eq in 2013, the effect of pollution discharge on water acidification was weakened. 2 the water eutrophication footprint showed a decreasing trend in 2004-2009 and 2010-2013. However, the absolute value of eutrophication in the latter period was generally higher than that in the previous period. The footprint of eutrophication decreased by about 1.5 脳 10 ~ (7) kg NO_3eq. From 2010 to 2013, the number of NO3s decreased by 0.8 脳 107kg / kg. From 2011 to 2013, the water eutrophication footprint based on the new pollutants (ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) was reduced by 2.4 脳 10 ~ (7) kg no _ 3eq. from its composition. The key factor of eutrophication is total phosphorus. (3) five kinds of heavy metal pollutants, such as Pb, Hg, Cr, CD, as and as, were selected. The ecological toxicity footprint of Beijing from 2011 to 2013 was evaluated and found. The ecological toxicity footprint of water body increased from 4234.7 脳 106m3H2Oeq to 4653.1 脳 106m3H2O eq.According to its composition. The key pollution factor of the ecological toxicity footprint of heavy metal water is CD ~ (2 +) / CD ~ (2 +); (4) the analysis of the relationship between the water degradation footprint and the characteristic index of urban development shows that the population growth rate is slowing down, the industrial structure adjustment (the transformation of the secondary industry to the tertiary industry) and the decrease of the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer. It has a positive effect on the improvement of water degradation footprint.
【作者单位】：中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【分类号】：X32
【正文快照】： 1引言(Introduction)水是人类生存和发展所必需的不可替代资源之一,也是维持生态系统平衡的必备要素.随着人类社会经济的发展,水资源短缺和水污染问题已经成为全球范围可持续发展的关键制约因素,我国的水资源、水环境矛盾更是尤为严重(程国栋等,2003).因此,水资源环境相关评价

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