生态环境承载力评价研究——以河南省为例

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:07

本文关键词：生态环境承载力评价研究——以河南省为例　出处：《生态学报》2017年21期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：测度人类活动是否处于生态环境的承载力范围之内是生态环境承载力评价的核心内容,是区域国土开发科学决策规划的需要,但是生态环境可承载能力的阈值和人类活动对生态环境施加压力的大小均是难以定量计算的,为了解决生态环境承载力评价面临的这一难题,本文研究提出了一种生态环境承载力评价的新方法,即"生态环境质量指数动态评价法"。该方法依据生态平衡理论和生态稳定性原理,将承载力评价转化为运行状态评价,以"生态环境系统是否处于良性运行状态"作为生态环境是否处于可承载状态的评价标准;首先应用生态环境质量指数(EI)模型计算出评价区多年的EI值,然后再依据EI的动态变化趋势对"生态环境系统的运行状态"进行评定,以达到对区域生态环境承载力进行评价之目的,以河南省为例,介绍了评价的方法与过程。结果表明:(1)生态环境质量现状评价不是承载力评价,但是可通过对生态环境质量的动态变化趋势进行回归分析以达到承载力评价之目的;(2)该方法紧扣生态环境承载力的内涵,避开了生态环境系统承载力阈值测算的难点,方法简明易行,结果意义明确、实用性强,为承载力评价提供了一种新思路和新方法;(3)生态环境系统质量现状不能反映其承载状态,信阳市的生态环境质量在河南是最好的,目前却处于超载、退化状态,而濮阳和安阳市的情况则与信阳市正好相反,应引起政府决策部门的重视。
[Abstract]:Measuring whether human activities are within the carrying capacity range of ecological environment is the core content of ecological environmental carrying capacity evaluation and is the need of scientific decision-making planning of regional land development. However, the threshold of ecological environment carrying capacity and the pressure exerted by human activities on ecological environment are difficult to calculate quantitatively, in order to solve the problem of ecological environment carrying capacity evaluation. In this paper, a new method for evaluating ecological environment carrying capacity is proposed, that is, "dynamic evaluation method of ecological environmental quality index", which is based on ecological balance theory and ecological stability principle. The evaluation of carrying capacity is transformed into the evaluation of running state, and the criterion of whether the ecological environment is in the state of carrying capacity is taken as the criterion of whether the ecological environment is in a good state of operation. Firstly, the EI value of the evaluation area was calculated by using the EI model, and then the EI value was evaluated according to the dynamic trend of ei. In order to evaluate the regional ecological environment carrying capacity, taking Henan Province as an example, this paper introduces the evaluation method and process. The result shows that the current situation evaluation of ecological environment quality is not carrying capacity evaluation. However, the purpose of carrying capacity evaluation can be achieved by regression analysis of the dynamic change trend of ecological environment quality. 2) the method is simple and easy to carry out, the result is clear and practical, and the method is close to the connotation of ecological environment carrying capacity and avoids the difficulty of measuring the threshold value of ecological environment carrying capacity. It provides a new way of thinking and a new method for carrying capacity evaluation. (3) the present situation of ecological environment system quality can not reflect its bearing state. The ecological environment quality of Xinyang city is the best in Henan, but it is overloaded and degraded at present. The situation of Puyang and Anyang is opposite to Xinyang and should be paid more attention by the government.
【作者单位】：河南农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：中国地质调查局地质调查计划项目(12120113007300)
【分类号】：X826
【正文快照】： 承载力的思想萌芽于史前畜牧部落的放牧实践[1],1921年,帕克和伯吉斯在有关生态学的杂志中提出了承载力的概念,将承载力定义为一个牧场在不遭受损害的情况下能够支持的牲畜数量[2]。把承载力应用到人类种群始于马尔萨斯的人口论[3],随后承载力被广泛应用于人类发展与自然环境

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